Only set mode of new patch if the target file was removed before. If the file is writable by the user, but owned by a different user, the chmod will otherwise fail with "Operation not permitted". Additionally make very sure that the file is only written if either the number of links is <= 1 or the file was successfully removed. Maybe this minimal COW code should be replaced by something from util.

#!/bin/sh

hg init
mkfifo p

hg serve --stdio < p &
P=$!
(echo lock; echo addchangegroup; sleep 5) > p &
Q=$!
sleep 3
kill -HUP $P
wait
echo .hg/* .hg/store/*