Mercurial > hg > nginx-site
annotate xml/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_ssl_module.xml @ 714:ec33576efaa5
Added note about minimal impact of declaring multiple variables (geo, map).
author | Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com> |
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date | Tue, 09 Oct 2012 12:39:31 +0000 |
parents | 1de09d81acd1 |
children | 3f25469cbc49 |
rev | line source |
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222
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Removed redundant encoding specification.
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?> |
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2 |
580
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Added copyright markers to documentation sources.
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3 <!-- |
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4 Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev |
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5 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc. |
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6 --> |
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7 |
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8 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd"> |
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9 |
379 | 10 <module name="Модуль ngx_http_ssl_module" |
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11 link="/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_ssl_module.html" |
589 | 12 lang="ru" |
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13 rev="3"> |
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14 |
110
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15 <section id="summary"> |
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16 |
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17 <para> |
379 | 18 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_ssl_module</literal> обеспечивает работу |
19 по протоколу HTTPS. | |
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20 </para> |
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21 |
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22 <para> |
379 | 23 По умолчанию этот модуль не собирается, его сборку необходимо |
24 разрешить с помощью конфигурационного параметра | |
271 | 25 <literal>--with-http_ssl_module</literal>. |
379 | 26 <note> |
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27 Для сборки и работы этого модуля нужна библиотека |
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28 <link url="http://www.openssl.org">OpenSSL</link>. |
379 | 29 </note> |
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30 </para> |
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31 |
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32 </section> |
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33 |
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34 |
379 | 35 <section id="example" name="Пример конфигурации"> |
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36 |
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37 <para> |
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38 Для уменьшения загрузки процессора рекомендуется |
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39 <list type="bullet"> |
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40 |
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41 <listitem> |
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42 установить число рабочих процессов равным числу процессоров, |
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43 </listitem> |
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44 |
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45 <listitem> |
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46 разрешить keep-alive соединения, |
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47 </listitem> |
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48 |
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49 <listitem> |
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50 включить разделяемый кэш сессий, |
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51 </listitem> |
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52 |
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53 <listitem> |
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54 выключить встроенный кэш сессий |
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55 </listitem> |
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56 |
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57 <listitem> |
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58 и, возможно, увеличить время жизни сессии (по умолчанию 5 минут): |
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59 </listitem> |
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60 |
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61 </list> |
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62 |
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63 <example> |
379 | 64 <emphasis>worker_processes 2;</emphasis> |
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65 |
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66 http { |
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67 |
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68 ... |
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69 |
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70 server { |
379 | 71 listen 443; |
72 <emphasis>keepalive_timeout 70;</emphasis> | |
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73 |
379 | 74 ssl on; |
75 ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; | |
76 ssl_ciphers AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:RC4-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:RC4-MD5; | |
77 ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/cert.pem; | |
78 ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/cert.key; | |
79 <emphasis>ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;</emphasis> | |
80 <emphasis>ssl_session_timeout 10m;</emphasis> | |
76
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81 |
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82 ... |
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83 } |
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84 </example> |
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85 </para> |
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86 |
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87 </section> |
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88 |
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89 |
379 | 90 <section id="directives" name="Директивы"> |
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91 |
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92 <directive name="ssl"> |
271 | 93 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax> |
102
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94 <default>off</default> |
379 | 95 <context>http</context> |
96 <context>server</context> | |
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97 |
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98 <para> |
379 | 99 Разрешает протокол HTTPS для данного виртуального сервера. |
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100 </para> |
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101 |
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102 </directive> |
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103 |
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104 |
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105 <directive name="ssl_certificate"> |
102
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106 <syntax><value>файл</value></syntax> |
99
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107 <default/> |
379 | 108 <context>http</context> |
109 <context>server</context> | |
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110 |
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111 <para> |
379 | 112 Указывает файл с сертификатом в формате PEM |
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113 для данного виртуального сервера. |
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114 Если вместе с основным сертификатом нужно указать промежуточные, |
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115 то они должны находиться в этом же файле в следующем порядке: сначала |
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116 основной сертификат, а затем промежуточные. |
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117 В этом же файле может находиться секретный ключ в формате PEM. |
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118 </para> |
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119 |
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120 <para> |
280 | 121 Нужно иметь в виду, что из-за ограничения протокола HTTPS |
379 | 122 виртуальные серверы должны слушать на разных IP-адресах: |
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123 <example> |
379 | 124 server { |
125 listen 192.168.1.1:443; | |
126 server_name one.example.com; | |
127 ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/one.example.com.cert; | |
128 ... | |
129 } | |
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130 |
379 | 131 server { |
132 listen 192.168.1.2:443; | |
133 server_name two.example.com; | |
134 ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/two.example.com.cert; | |
135 ... | |
136 } | |
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137 </example> |
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138 иначе для второго сайта будет выдаваться |
379 | 139 <link doc="configuring_https_servers.xml" |
140 id="name_based_https_servers">сертификат первого сервера</link>. | |
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141 </para> |
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142 |
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143 </directive> |
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144 |
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145 |
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146 <directive name="ssl_certificate_key"> |
102
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147 <syntax><value>файл</value></syntax> |
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148 <default/> |
379 | 149 <context>http</context> |
150 <context>server</context> | |
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151 |
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152 <para> |
379 | 153 Указывает файл с секретным ключом в формате PEM |
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154 для данного виртуального сервера. |
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155 </para> |
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156 |
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157 </directive> |
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158 |
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159 |
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160 <directive name="ssl_ciphers"> |
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161 <syntax><value>шифры</value></syntax> |
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Documented ciphers used by default in modern nginx versions (closes #177).
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162 <default>HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5</default> |
379 | 163 <context>http</context> |
164 <context>server</context> | |
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165 |
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166 <para> |
379 | 167 Описывает разрешённые шифры. |
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168 Шифры задаются в формате, поддерживаемом библиотекой |
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169 OpenSSL, например: |
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170 <example> |
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171 ssl_ciphers ALL:!aNULL:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP; |
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172 </example> |
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173 </para> |
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174 |
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175 <para> |
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176 Полный список можно посмотреть с помощью команды |
271 | 177 “<command>openssl ciphers</command>”. |
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178 </para> |
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179 |
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180 <para> |
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181 <note> |
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182 В предыдущих версиях nginx по умолчанию использовались |
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183 <link doc="configuring_https_servers.xml" id="compatibility">другие</link> |
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184 шифры. |
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185 </note> |
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186 </para> |
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187 |
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188 </directive> |
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189 |
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190 |
379 | 191 <directive name="ssl_client_certificate"> |
192 <syntax><value>файл</value></syntax> | |
193 <default/> | |
194 <context>http</context> | |
195 <context>server</context> | |
196 | |
197 <para> | |
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198 Указывает файл с доверенными сертификатами CA в формате |
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199 PEM, которые используются для проверки клиентских сертификатов и |
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200 ответов OCSP, если включён <link id="ssl_stapling"/>. |
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201 </para> |
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202 |
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203 <para> |
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204 Список сертификатов будет отправляться клиентам. |
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205 Если это нежелательно, можно воспользоваться директивой |
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206 <link id="ssl_trusted_certificate"/>. |
379 | 207 </para> |
208 | |
209 </directive> | |
210 | |
211 | |
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212 <directive name="ssl_crl"> |
102
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213 <syntax><value>файл</value></syntax> |
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214 <default/> |
379 | 215 <context>http</context> |
216 <context>server</context> | |
217 <appeared-in>0.8.7</appeared-in> | |
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218 |
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219 <para> |
379 | 220 Указывает файл с отозванными сертификатами (CRL) |
221 в формате PEM, используемыми для проверки клиентских сертификатов. | |
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222 </para> |
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223 |
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224 </directive> |
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225 |
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226 |
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227 <directive name="ssl_dhparam"> |
102
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228 <syntax><value>файл</value></syntax> |
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229 <default/> |
379 | 230 <context>http</context> |
231 <context>server</context> | |
232 <appeared-in>0.7.2</appeared-in> | |
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233 |
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234 <para> |
379 | 235 Указывает файл с параметрами для шифров с обменом EDH-ключами. |
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236 </para> |
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237 |
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238 </directive> |
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239 |
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240 |
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241 <directive name="ssl_prefer_server_ciphers"> |
271 | 242 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax> |
102
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243 <default>off</default> |
379 | 244 <context>http</context> |
245 <context>server</context> | |
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246 |
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247 <para> |
379 | 248 Указывает, чтобы при использовании протоколов SSLv3 и TLS |
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249 серверные шифры были более приоритетны, чем клиентские. |
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250 </para> |
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251 |
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252 </directive> |
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253 |
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254 |
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255 <directive name="ssl_protocols"> |
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256 <syntax> |
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257 [<literal>SSLv2</literal>] |
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258 [<literal>SSLv3</literal>] |
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259 [<literal>TLSv1</literal>] |
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260 [<literal>TLSv1.1</literal>] |
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261 [<literal>TLSv1.2</literal>]</syntax> |
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262 <default>SSLv3 TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2</default> |
379 | 263 <context>http</context> |
264 <context>server</context> | |
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265 |
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266 <para> |
379 | 267 Разрешает указанные протоколы. |
314
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268 Параметры <literal>TLSv1.1</literal> и <literal>TLSv1.2</literal> работают |
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269 только при использовании библиотеки OpenSSL версии 1.0.1 и выше. |
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270 <note> |
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271 Параметры <literal>TLSv1.1</literal> и <literal>TLSv1.2</literal> поддерживаются |
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272 только начиная с версий 1.1.13 и 1.0.12, |
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273 поэтому при использовании OpenSSL версии 1.0.1 |
314
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274 и выше на старых версиях nginx эти протоколы работать будут, однако их нельзя |
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275 будет отключить. |
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276 </note> |
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277 </para> |
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278 |
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279 </directive> |
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280 |
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281 |
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282 <directive name="ssl_session_cache"> |
271 | 283 <syntax> |
379 | 284 <literal>off</literal> | |
285 <literal>none</literal> | | |
286 [<literal>builtin</literal>[:<value>размер</value>]] | |
287 [<literal>shared</literal>:<value>название</value>:<value>размер</value>]</syntax> | |
102
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288 <default>none</default> |
379 | 289 <context>http</context> |
290 <context>server</context> | |
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291 |
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292 <para> |
379 | 293 Задаёт тип и размеры кэшей для хранения параметров сессий. |
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294 Тип кэша может быть следующим: |
379 | 295 <list type="tag"> |
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296 |
379 | 297 <tag-name><literal>off</literal></tag-name> |
298 <tag-desc> | |
299 жёсткое запрещение использования кэша сессий: | |
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300 nginx явно говорит клиенту, что сессии не могут использоваться повторно. |
379 | 301 </tag-desc> |
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302 |
379 | 303 <tag-name><literal>none</literal></tag-name> |
304 <tag-desc> | |
305 мягкое запрещение использования кэша сессий: | |
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306 nginx говорит клиенту, что сессии могут использоваться повторно, но |
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307 на самом деле не используются. |
379 | 308 </tag-desc> |
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309 |
379 | 310 <tag-name><literal>builtin</literal></tag-name> |
311 <tag-desc> | |
312 встроенный в OpenSSL кэш, используется в рамках только одного рабочего процесса. | |
313 Размер кэша задаётся в сессиях. | |
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314 Если размер не задан, то он равен 20480 сессиям. |
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315 Использование встроенного кэша может вести к фрагментации памяти. |
379 | 316 </tag-desc> |
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317 |
379 | 318 <tag-name><literal>shared</literal></tag-name> |
319 <tag-desc> | |
320 разделяемый между всеми рабочими процессами. | |
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321 Размер кэша задаётся в байтах, в 1 мегабайт может поместиться |
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322 около 4000 сессий. |
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323 У каждого разделяемого кэша должно быть произвольное название. |
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324 Кэш с одинаковым названием может использоваться в нескольких |
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325 виртуальных серверах. |
379 | 326 </tag-desc> |
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327 |
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328 </list> |
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329 </para> |
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330 |
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331 <para> |
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332 Можно использовать одновременно оба типа кэша, например: |
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333 <example> |
379 | 334 ssl_session_cache builtin:1000 shared:SSL:10m; |
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335 </example> |
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336 однако использование только разделяемого кэша без встроенного должно |
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337 быть более эффективным. |
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338 </para> |
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339 |
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340 </directive> |
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341 |
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342 |
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343 <directive name="ssl_session_timeout"> |
102
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344 <syntax><value>время</value></syntax> |
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345 <default>5m</default> |
379 | 346 <context>http</context> |
347 <context>server</context> | |
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348 |
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349 <para> |
379 | 350 Задаёт время, в течение которого клиент может повторно |
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351 использовать параметры сессии, хранящейся в кэше. |
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352 </para> |
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353 |
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354 </directive> |
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355 |
379 | 356 |
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357 <directive name="ssl_stapling"> |
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358 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax> |
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359 <default>off</default> |
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360 <context>http</context> |
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361 <context>server</context> |
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362 <appeared-in>1.3.7</appeared-in> |
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363 |
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364 <para> |
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365 Разрешает или запрещает |
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366 <link url="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4366#section-3.6">прикрепление |
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367 OCSP-ответов</link> сервером. |
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368 Пример: |
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369 <example> |
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370 ssl_stapling on; |
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371 resolver 192.0.2.1; |
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372 </example> |
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373 </para> |
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374 |
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375 <para> |
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376 Для работы OCSP stapling’а должен быть известен сертификат издателя |
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377 сертификата сервера. |
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378 Если в заданном директивой <link id="ssl_certificate"/> |
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379 файле не содержится промежуточных сертификатов, |
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380 то сертификат издателя сертификата сервера следует поместить в файл, |
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381 заданный директивой <link id="ssl_trusted_certificate"/>. |
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382 </para> |
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383 |
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384 <para> |
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385 Для преобразования имени хоста OCSP responder’а в адрес необходимо |
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386 дополнительно задать директиву |
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387 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="resolver"/>. |
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388 </para> |
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389 |
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390 </directive> |
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391 |
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392 |
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393 <directive name="ssl_stapling_file"> |
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394 <syntax><value>файл</value></syntax> |
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395 <default/> |
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396 <context>http</context> |
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397 <context>server</context> |
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398 <appeared-in>1.3.7</appeared-in> |
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399 |
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400 <para> |
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401 Если задано, то вместо опроса OCSP responder’а, |
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402 указанного в сертификате сервера, |
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403 ответ берётся из указанного файла. |
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404 </para> |
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405 |
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406 <para> |
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407 Ответ должен быть в формате DER и может быть сгенерирован командой |
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408 “<literal>openssl ocsp</literal>”. |
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409 </para> |
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410 |
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411 </directive> |
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412 |
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413 |
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414 <directive name="ssl_stapling_responder"> |
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415 <syntax><value>url</value></syntax> |
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416 <default/> |
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417 <context>http</context> |
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418 <context>server</context> |
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419 <appeared-in>1.3.7</appeared-in> |
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420 |
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421 <para> |
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422 Переопределяет URL OCSP responder’а, указанный в расширении сертификата |
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423 “<link url="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.2.2.1">Authority |
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424 Information Access</link>”. |
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425 </para> |
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426 |
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427 <para> |
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428 Поддерживаются только “<literal>http://</literal>” OCSP responder’ы: |
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429 <example> |
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430 ssl_stapling_responder http://ocsp.example.com/; |
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431 </example> |
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432 </para> |
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433 |
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434 </directive> |
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435 |
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436 |
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437 <directive name="ssl_stapling_verify"> |
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438 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax> |
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439 <default>off</default> |
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440 <context>http</context> |
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441 <context>server</context> |
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442 <appeared-in>1.3.7</appeared-in> |
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443 |
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444 <para> |
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445 Разрешает или запрещает проверку сервером ответов OCSP. |
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446 </para> |
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447 |
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448 <para> |
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449 Для работоспособности проверки сертификат издателя сертификата сервера, |
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450 корневой сертификат и все промежуточные сертификаты должны быть указаны |
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451 как доверенные с помощью директивы |
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452 <link id="ssl_trusted_certificate"/>. |
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453 </para> |
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454 |
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455 </directive> |
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456 |
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457 |
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458 <directive name="ssl_trusted_certificate"> |
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459 <syntax><value>файл</value></syntax> |
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460 <default/> |
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461 <context>http</context> |
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462 <context>server</context> |
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463 <appeared-in>1.3.7</appeared-in> |
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464 |
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465 <para> |
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466 Задаёт файл с доверенными сертификатами CA в формате PEM, |
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467 которые используются для проверки клиентских сертификатов и ответов OCSP, |
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468 если включён <link id="ssl_stapling"/>. |
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469 </para> |
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470 |
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471 <para> |
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472 В отличие от <link id="ssl_client_certificate"/>, список этих сертификатов |
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473 не будет отправляться клиентам. |
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474 </para> |
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475 |
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476 </directive> |
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477 |
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478 |
379 | 479 <directive name="ssl_verify_client"> |
480 <syntax> | |
481 <literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal> | | |
482 <literal>optional</literal></syntax> | |
483 <default>off</default> | |
484 <context>http</context> | |
485 <context>server</context> | |
486 | |
487 <para> | |
488 Разрешает проверку клиентских сертификатов. | |
489 Параметр <literal>optional</literal> (0.8.7+) запрашивает сертификат клиента | |
490 и проверяет его, если он предоставлен. | |
491 Результат проверки можно узнать в переменной <var>$ssl_client_verify</var>. | |
492 </para> | |
493 | |
494 </directive> | |
495 | |
496 | |
497 <directive name="ssl_verify_depth"> | |
498 <syntax><value>число</value></syntax> | |
499 <default>1</default> | |
500 <context>http</context> | |
501 <context>server</context> | |
502 | |
503 <para> | |
504 Устанавливает глубину проверки в цепочке клиентских сертификатов. | |
505 </para> | |
506 | |
507 </directive> | |
508 | |
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509 </section> |
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510 |
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511 |
379 | 512 <section id="errors" name="Обработка ошибок"> |
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513 |
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514 <para> |
379 | 515 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_ssl_module</literal> поддерживает несколько |
516 нестандартных кодов ошибок, которые можно использовать для | |
517 перенаправления с помощью директивы | |
106
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518 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="error_page"/>: |
379 | 519 <list type="tag"> |
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520 |
379 | 521 <tag-name>495</tag-name> |
522 <tag-desc> | |
523 при проверке клиентского сертификата произошла ошибка; | |
524 </tag-desc> | |
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525 |
379 | 526 <tag-name>496</tag-name> |
527 <tag-desc> | |
528 клиент не предоставил требуемый сертификат; | |
529 </tag-desc> | |
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530 |
379 | 531 <tag-name>497</tag-name> |
532 <tag-desc> | |
533 обычный запрос был послан на порт HTTPS. | |
534 </tag-desc> | |
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535 |
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536 </list> |
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537 </para> |
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538 |
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539 <para> |
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540 Перенаправление делается после того, как запрос полностью разобран |
379 | 541 и доступны такие переменные, как <var>$request_uri</var>, |
542 <var>$uri</var>, <var>$args</var> и прочие. | |
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543 </para> |
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544 |
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545 </section> |
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546 |
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547 |
379 | 548 <section id="variables" name="Встроенные переменные"> |
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549 |
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550 <para> |
379 | 551 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_ssl_module</literal> поддерживает |
552 несколько встроенных переменных: | |
553 <list type="tag"> | |
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554 |
379 | 555 <tag-name><var>$ssl_cipher</var></tag-name> |
556 <tag-desc> | |
557 возвращает строку используемых шифров для установленного SSL-соединения; | |
558 </tag-desc> | |
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559 |
379 | 560 <tag-name><var>$ssl_client_cert</var></tag-name> |
561 <tag-desc> | |
562 возвращает клиентский сертификат | |
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563 для установленного SSL-соединения в формате PEM |
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564 перед каждой строкой которого, кроме первой, вставляется символ табуляции; |
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565 предназначена для использования в директиве |
379 | 566 <link doc="ngx_http_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_set_header"/>; |
567 </tag-desc> | |
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568 |
379 | 569 <tag-name><var>$ssl_client_raw_cert</var></tag-name> |
570 <tag-desc> | |
571 возвращает клиентский сертификат | |
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572 для установленного SSL-соединения в формате PEM; |
379 | 573 </tag-desc> |
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574 |
379 | 575 <tag-name><var>$ssl_client_serial</var></tag-name> |
576 <tag-desc> | |
577 возвращает серийный номер клиентского сертификата | |
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578 для установленного SSL-соединения; |
379 | 579 </tag-desc> |
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580 |
379 | 581 <tag-name><var>$ssl_client_s_dn</var></tag-name> |
582 <tag-desc> | |
583 возвращает строку “subject DN” клиентского сертификата | |
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584 для установленного SSL-соединения; |
379 | 585 </tag-desc> |
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586 |
379 | 587 <tag-name><var>$ssl_client_i_dn</var></tag-name> |
588 <tag-desc> | |
589 возвращает строку “issuer DN” клиентского сертификата | |
590 для установленного SSL-соединения; | |
591 </tag-desc> | |
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592 |
379 | 593 <tag-name><var>$ssl_client_verify</var></tag-name> |
594 <tag-desc> | |
595 возвращает результат проверки клиентского сертификата: | |
596 “<literal>SUCCESS</literal>”, “<literal>FAILED</literal>” и, | |
597 если сертификат не был предоставлен — “<literal>NONE</literal>”; | |
598 </tag-desc> | |
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599 |
379 | 600 <tag-name><var>$ssl_protocol</var></tag-name> |
601 <tag-desc> | |
602 возвращает протокол установленного SSL-соединения; | |
603 </tag-desc> | |
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604 |
379 | 605 <tag-name><var>$ssl_session_id</var></tag-name> |
606 <tag-desc> | |
607 возвращает идентификатор сессии установленного SSL-соединения. | |
608 </tag-desc> | |
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609 |
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610 </list> |
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611 </para> |
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612 |
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613 </section> |
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614 |
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615 </module> |