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freenginx-1.27.2
author Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
date Tue, 09 Jul 2024 17:51:47 +0300
parents 9eadb98ec770
children
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
rev   line source
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
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2
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3 <!--
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4 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc.
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5 -->
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6
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7 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd">
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8
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9 <module name="Модуль ngx_stream_upstream_module"
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10 link="/ru/docs/stream/ngx_stream_upstream_module.html"
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11 lang="ru"
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12 rev="40">
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13
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14 <section id="summary">
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15
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16 <para>
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17 Модуль <literal>ngx_stream_upstream_module</literal> (1.9.0)
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18 позволяет описывать группы серверов,
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19 которые могут использоваться в директиве
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20 <link doc="ngx_stream_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_pass"/>.
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21 </para>
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22
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23 </section>
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24
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25
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26 <section id="example" name="Пример конфигурации">
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27
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28 <para>
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29 <example>
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30 upstream <emphasis>backend</emphasis> {
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31 hash $remote_addr consistent;
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32
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33 server backend1.example.com:12345 weight=5;
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34 server backend2.example.com:12345;
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35 server unix:/tmp/backend3;
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36
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37 server backup1.example.com:12345 backup;
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38 server backup2.example.com:12345 backup;
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39 }
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40
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41 server {
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42 listen 12346;
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43 proxy_pass <emphasis>backend</emphasis>;
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44 }
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45 </example>
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46 </para>
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47
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48 </section>
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49
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50
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51 <section id="directives" name="Директивы">
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52
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53 <directive name="upstream">
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54 <syntax block="yes"><value>название</value></syntax>
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55 <default/>
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56 <context>stream</context>
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57
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58 <para>
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59 Описывает группу серверов.
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60 Серверы могут слушать на разных портах.
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61 Кроме того, можно одновременно использовать серверы,
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62 слушающие на TCP- и UNIX-сокетах.
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63 </para>
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64
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65 <para>
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66 Пример:
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67 <example>
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68 upstream backend {
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69 server backend1.example.com:12345 weight=5;
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70 server 127.0.0.1:12345 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
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71 server unix:/tmp/backend2;
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72 server backend3.example.com:12345 resolve;
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73
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74 server backup1.example.com:12345 backup;
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75 }
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76 </example>
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77 </para>
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78
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79 <para>
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80 По умолчанию соединения распределяются по серверам циклически
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81 (в режиме round-robin) с учётом весов серверов.
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82 В вышеприведённом примере каждые 7 соединений будут распределены так:
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83 5 соединений на <literal>backend1.example.com:12345</literal>
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84 и по одному соединению на второй и третий серверы.
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85 Если при попытке работы с сервером происходит ошибка, то соединение
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86 передаётся следующему серверу, и так далее до тех пор, пока не будут опробованы
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87 все работающие серверы.
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88 Если связь с серверами не удалась, соединение будет закрыто.
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89 </para>
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90
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91 </directive>
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92
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93
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94 <directive name="server">
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95 <syntax><value>адрес</value> [<value>параметры</value>]</syntax>
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96 <default/>
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97 <context>upstream</context>
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98
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99 <para>
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100 Задаёт <value>адрес</value> и другие <value>параметры</value>
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101 сервера.
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102 Адрес может быть указан в виде доменного имени или IP-адреса,
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103 и обязательного порта, или в виде пути UNIX-сокета, который
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104 указывается после префикса “<literal>unix:</literal>”.
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105 Доменное имя, которому соответствует несколько IP-адресов,
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106 задаёт сразу несколько серверов.
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107 </para>
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108
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109 <para>
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110 Могут быть заданы следующие параметры:
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111 <list type="tag">
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112
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113 <tag-name id="weight">
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114 <literal>weight</literal>=<value>число</value>
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115 </tag-name>
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116 <tag-desc>
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117 задаёт вес сервера, по умолчанию 1.
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118 </tag-desc>
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119
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120 <tag-name id="max_conns">
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121 <literal>max_conns</literal>=<value>число</value>
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122 </tag-name>
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123 <tag-desc>
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124 ограничивает максимальное <value>число</value> одновременных
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125 соединений к проксируемому серверу (1.11.5).
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126 Значение по умолчанию равно 0 и означает, что ограничения нет.
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127 Если группа не находится в <link id="zone">зоне разделяемой памяти</link>,
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128 то ограничение работает отдельно для каждого рабочего процесса.
1800
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129 </tag-desc>
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130
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131 <tag-name id="max_fails">
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132 <literal>max_fails</literal>=<value>число</value>
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133 </tag-name>
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134 <tag-desc>
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135 задаёт число неудачных попыток работы с сервером, которые должны произойти
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136 в течение времени, заданного параметром <literal>fail_timeout</literal>,
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137 чтобы сервер считался недоступным на период времени, также заданный
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138 параметром <literal>fail_timeout</literal>.
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139 По умолчанию число попыток устанавливается равным 1.
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140 Нулевое значение отключает учёт попыток.
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141 В данном случае неудачной попыткой считается ошибка или таймаут
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142 при установке соединения с сервером.
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143 </tag-desc>
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144
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145 <tag-name id="fail_timeout">
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146 <literal>fail_timeout</literal>=<value>время</value>
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147 </tag-name>
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148 <tag-desc>
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149 задаёт
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150 <list type="bullet">
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151
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152 <listitem>
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153 время, в течение которого должно произойти заданное число неудачных
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154 попыток работы с сервером для того, чтобы сервер считался недоступным;
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155 </listitem>
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156
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157 <listitem>
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158 и время, в течение которого сервер будет считаться недоступным.
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159 </listitem>
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160
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161 </list>
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162 По умолчанию параметр равен 10 секундам.
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163 </tag-desc>
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164
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165 <tag-name id="backup">
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166 <literal>backup</literal>
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167 </tag-name>
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168 <tag-desc>
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169 помечает сервер как запасной сервер.
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170 На него будут передаваться соединения в случае,
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171 если не работают основные серверы.
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172 <note>
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173 Параметр нельзя использовать совместно с
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174 методами балансировки нагрузки <link id="hash"/> и <link id="random"/>.
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175 </note>
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176 </tag-desc>
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177
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178 <tag-name id="down">
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179 <literal>down</literal>
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180 </tag-name>
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181 <tag-desc>
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182 помечает сервер как постоянно недоступный.
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183 </tag-desc>
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184
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185 </list>
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186 </para>
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187
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188 <para>
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189 <note>
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190 Если в группе только один сервер,
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191 параметры <literal>max_fails</literal> и <literal>fail_timeout</literal>
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192 игнорируются и такой сервер никогда не будет считаться недоступным.
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193 </note>
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194 </para>
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195
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196 </directive>
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197
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198
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199 <directive name="zone">
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200 <syntax><value>имя</value> [<value>размер</value>]</syntax>
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201 <default/>
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202 <context>upstream</context>
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203
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204 <para>
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205 Задаёт <value>имя</value> и <value>размер</value> зоны разделяемой памяти,
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206 в которой хранятся конфигурация группы и её рабочее состояние,
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207 разделяемые между рабочими процессами.
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208 В одной и той же зоне могут быть сразу несколько групп.
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209 В этом случае достаточно указать <value>размер</value> только один раз.
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210 </para>
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211
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212 </directive>
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213
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214
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215 <directive name="hash">
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216 <syntax><value>ключ</value> [<literal>consistent</literal>]</syntax>
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217 <default/>
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218 <context>upstream</context>
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219
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220 <para>
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221 Задаёт метод балансировки нагрузки для группы, при котором
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222 соответствие клиента серверу определяется при помощи
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223 хэшированного значения <value>ключа</value>.
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224 В качестве <value>ключа</value> может использоваться текст, переменные
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225 и их комбинации (1.11.2).
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226 Пример использования:
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227 <example>
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228 hash $remote_addr;
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229 </example>
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230 Следует отметить, что любое добавление или удаление серверов в группе
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231 может привести к перераспределению большинства ключей на другие серверы.
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232 Метод совместим с библиотекой Perl
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233 <link url="https://metacpan.org/pod/Cache::Memcached">Cache::Memcached</link>.
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234 </para>
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235
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236 <para>
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237 Если задан параметр <literal>consistent</literal>, то вместо
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238 вышеописанного метода будет использоваться метод консистентного хэширования
2274
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239 <link url="https://www.metabrew.com/article/libketama-consistent-hashing-algo-memcached-clients">ketama</link>.
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240 Метод гарантирует, что при добавлении сервера в группу или его удалении
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241 на другие серверы будет перераспределено минимальное число ключей.
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242 Применение метода для кэширующих серверов обеспечивает
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243 больший процент попаданий в кэш.
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244 Метод совместим с библиотекой Perl
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245 <link url="https://metacpan.org/pod/Cache::Memcached::Fast">Cache::Memcached::Fast</link>
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246 при значении параметра <value>ketama_points</value> равным 160.
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247 </para>
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248
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249 </directive>
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250
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251
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252 <directive name="least_conn">
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253 <syntax/>
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254 <default/>
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255 <context>upstream</context>
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256
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257 <para>
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258 Задаёт для группы метод балансировки нагрузки, при котором соединение
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259 передаётся серверу с наименьшим числом активных соединений,
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260 с учётом весов серверов.
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261 Если подходит сразу несколько серверов, они выбираются циклически
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262 (в режиме round-robin) с учётом их весов.
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263 </para>
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264
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265 </directive>
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266
1450
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267
2191
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268 <directive name="random">
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269 <syntax>[<literal>two</literal> [<value>метод</value>]]</syntax>
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270 <default/>
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271 <context>upstream</context>
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272 <appeared-in>1.15.1</appeared-in>
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273
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274 <para>
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275 Задаёт для группы метод балансировки нагрузки, при котором соединение
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276 передаётся случайно выбранному серверу, с учётом весов
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277 серверов.
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278 </para>
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279
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280 <para>
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281 Если указан необязательный параметр <literal>two</literal>,
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282 то nginx случайным образом выбирает
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283 <link url="https://homes.cs.washington.edu/~karlin/papers/balls.pdf">два</link>
2191
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284 сервера, из которых выбирает сервер,
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285 используя указанный <literal>метод</literal>.
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286 Методом по умолчанию является <literal>least_conn</literal>,
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287 при котором соединение передаётся на сервер
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288 с наименьшим количеством активных соединений.
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289 </para>
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290
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291 </directive>
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292
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293 </section>
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294
1772
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295
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296 <section id="variables" name="Встроенные переменные">
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297
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298 <para>
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299 Модуль <literal>ngx_stream_upstream_module</literal>
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300 поддерживает следующие встроенные переменные:
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301 <list type="tag">
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302
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303 <tag-name id="var_upstream_addr"><var>$upstream_addr</var></tag-name>
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304 <tag-desc>
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305 хранит IP-адрес и порт или путь к UNIX-сокету сервера группы (1.11.4).
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306 Если при проксировании были сделаны обращения к нескольким серверам,
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diff changeset
307 то их адреса разделяются запятой, например
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diff changeset
308 “<literal>192.168.1.1:12345, 192.168.1.2:12345, unix:/tmp/sock</literal>”.
2058
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309 Если сервер не может быть выбран,
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310 то переменная хранит имя группы серверов.
1772
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311 </tag-desc>
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312
2308
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313 <tag-name id="var_upstream_bytes_received"><var>$upstream_bytes_received</var></tag-name>
1773
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314 <tag-desc>
2308
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315 число байт, полученных от сервера группы (1.11.4).
1773
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316 Значения нескольких соединений
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317 разделяются запятыми подобно адресам в переменной
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318 <link id="var_upstream_addr">$upstream_addr</link>.
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319 </tag-desc>
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320
2308
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321 <tag-name id="var_upstream_bytes_sent"><var>$upstream_bytes_sent</var></tag-name>
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322 <tag-desc>
2308
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diff changeset
323 число байт, переданных на сервер группы (1.11.4).
1773
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diff changeset
324 Значения нескольких соединений
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diff changeset
325 разделяются запятыми подобно адресам в переменной
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diff changeset
326 <link id="var_upstream_addr">$upstream_addr</link>.
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diff changeset
327 </tag-desc>
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diff changeset
328
1774
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diff changeset
329 <tag-name id="var_upstream_connect_time"><var>$upstream_connect_time</var></tag-name>
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330 <tag-desc>
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diff changeset
331 время установки соединения с сервером группы (1.11.4);
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diff changeset
332 время хранится в секундах с точностью до миллисекунд.
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diff changeset
333 Времена нескольких соединений
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diff changeset
334 разделяются запятыми подобно адресам в переменной
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diff changeset
335 <link id="var_upstream_addr">$upstream_addr</link>.
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diff changeset
336 </tag-desc>
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diff changeset
337
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diff changeset
338 <tag-name id="var_upstream_first_byte_time"><var>$upstream_first_byte_time</var></tag-name>
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diff changeset
339 <tag-desc>
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diff changeset
340 время получения первого байта данных (1.11.4);
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diff changeset
341 время хранится в секундах с точностью до миллисекунд.
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diff changeset
342 Времена нескольких соединений
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diff changeset
343 разделяются запятыми подобно адресам в переменной
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diff changeset
344 <link id="var_upstream_addr">$upstream_addr</link>.
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diff changeset
345 </tag-desc>
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diff changeset
346
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diff changeset
347 <tag-name id="var_upstream_session_time"><var>$upstream_session_time</var></tag-name>
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diff changeset
348 <tag-desc>
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diff changeset
349 длительность сессии в секундах с точностью до миллисекунд (1.11.4).
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diff changeset
350 Времена нескольких соединений
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diff changeset
351 разделяются запятыми подобно адресам в переменной
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diff changeset
352 <link id="var_upstream_addr">$upstream_addr</link>.
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diff changeset
353 </tag-desc>
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diff changeset
354
1772
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diff changeset
355 </list>
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diff changeset
356 </para>
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diff changeset
357
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diff changeset
358 </section>
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diff changeset
359
1367
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diff changeset
360 </module>