Merge of r4622, r4623: balancing changes. *) Upstream: smooth weighted round-robin balancing. For edge case weights like { 5, 1, 1 } we now produce { a, a, b, a, c, a, a } sequence instead of { c, b, a, a, a, a, a } produced previously. Algorithm is as follows: on each peer selection we increase current_weight of each eligible peer by its weight, select peer with greatest current_weight and reduce its current_weight by total number of weight points distributed among peers. In case of { 5, 1, 1 } weights this gives the following sequence of current_weight's: a b c 0 0 0 (initial state) 5 1 1 (a selected) -2 1 1 3 2 2 (a selected) -4 2 2 1 3 3 (b selected) 1 -4 3 6 -3 4 (a selected) -1 -3 4 4 -2 5 (c selected) 4 -2 -2 9 -1 -1 (a selected) 2 -1 -1 7 0 0 (a selected) 0 0 0 To preserve weight reduction in case of failures the effective_weight variable was introduced, which usually matches peer's weight, but is reduced temporarily on peer failures. This change also fixes loop with backup servers and proxy_next_upstream http_404 (ticket #47), and skipping alive upstreams in some cases if there are multiple dead ones (ticket #64). *) Upstream: fixed ip_hash rebalancing with the "down" flag. Due to weight being set to 0 for down peers, order of peers after sorting wasn't the same as without the "down" flag (with down peers at the end), resulting in client rebalancing for clients on other servers. The only rebalancing which should happen after adding "down" to a server is one for clients on the server. The problem was introduced in r1377 (which fixed endless loop by setting weight to 0 for down servers). The loop is no longer possible with new smooth algorithm, so preserving original weight is safe.

/
/ Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev
/ Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc.
/

/ ngx_atomic_uint_t ngx_atomic_cmp_set(ngx_atomic_t *lock,
/     ngx_atomic_uint_t old, ngx_atomic_uint_t set);
/
/ the arguments are passed in %rdi, %rsi, %rdx
/ the result is returned in the %rax

        .inline ngx_atomic_cmp_set,0
        movq      %rsi, %rax
        lock
        cmpxchgq  %rdx, (%rdi)
        setz      %al
        movzbq    %al, %rax
        .end


/ ngx_atomic_int_t ngx_atomic_fetch_add(ngx_atomic_t *value,
/     ngx_atomic_int_t add);
/
/ the arguments are passed in %rdi, %rsi
/ the result is returned in the %rax

        .inline ngx_atomic_fetch_add,0
        movq      %rsi, %rax
        lock
        xaddq     %rax, (%rdi)
        .end


/ ngx_cpu_pause()
/
/ the "rep; nop" is used instead of "pause" to avoid the "[ PAUSE ]" hardware
/ capability added by linker because Solaris/amd64 does not know about it:
/
/ ld.so.1: nginx: fatal: hardware capability unsupported: 0x2000 [ PAUSE ]

       .inline ngx_cpu_pause,0
       rep; nop
       .end