Mercurial > hg > nginx-site
annotate xml/ru/docs/ngx_core_module.xml @ 1777:8b1ef02c8686
Corrected examples in ngx_stream_log_module.
author | Yaroslav Zhuravlev <yar@nginx.com> |
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date | Fri, 09 Sep 2016 18:51:33 +0300 |
parents | bde044a0bd90 |
children | 68928f8d31d9 |
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?> |
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2 |
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3 <!-- |
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4 Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev |
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5 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc. |
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6 --> |
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7 |
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8 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../dtd/module.dtd"> |
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9 |
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10 <module name="Основная функциональность" |
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11 link="/ru/docs/ngx_core_module.html" |
589 | 12 lang="ru" |
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13 rev="20"> |
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14 |
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15 <section id="example" name="Пример конфигурации"> |
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16 |
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17 <para> |
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18 <example> |
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19 user www www; |
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20 worker_processes 2; |
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21 |
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22 error_log /var/log/nginx-error.log info; |
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23 |
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24 events { |
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25 use kqueue; |
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26 worker_connections 2048; |
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27 } |
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28 |
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29 ... |
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30 </example> |
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31 </para> |
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32 |
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33 </section> |
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34 |
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35 |
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36 <section id="directives" name="Директивы"> |
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37 |
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38 <directive name="accept_mutex"> |
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39 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax> |
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40 <default>off</default> |
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41 <context>events</context> |
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42 |
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43 <para> |
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44 Если <literal>accept_mutex</literal> включён, |
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45 рабочие процессы будут принимать новые соединения по очереди. |
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46 В противном случае о новых соединениях будет сообщаться сразу всем рабочим |
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47 процессам, и при низкой интенсивности поступления новых соединений |
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48 часть рабочих процессов может работать вхолостую. |
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49 <note> |
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50 До версии 1.11.3 по умолчанию использовалось значение <literal>on</literal>. |
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51 </note> |
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52 </para> |
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53 |
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54 </directive> |
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55 |
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56 |
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57 <directive name="accept_mutex_delay"> |
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58 <syntax><value>время</value></syntax> |
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59 <default>500ms</default> |
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60 <context>events</context> |
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61 |
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62 <para> |
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63 При включённом <link id="accept_mutex"/> задаёт максимальное время, |
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64 в течение которого рабочий процесс вновь попытается начать принимать |
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65 новые соединения, если в настоящий момент новые соединения принимает |
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66 другой рабочий процесс. |
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67 </para> |
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68 |
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69 </directive> |
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70 |
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71 |
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72 <directive name="daemon"> |
271 | 73 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax> |
102
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74 <default>on</default> |
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75 <context>main</context> |
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76 |
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77 <para> |
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78 Определяет, будет ли nginx запускаться в режиме демона. |
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79 Используется в основном для разработки. |
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80 </para> |
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81 |
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82 </directive> |
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83 |
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84 |
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85 <directive name="debug_connection"> |
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86 <syntax> |
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87 <value>адрес</value> | |
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88 <value>CIDR</value> | |
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89 <literal>unix:</literal></syntax> |
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90 <default/> |
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91 <context>events</context> |
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92 |
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93 <para> |
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94 Включает отладочный лог для отдельных клиентских соединений. |
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95 Для остальных соединений используется уровень лога, заданный директивой |
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96 <link id="error_log"/>. |
523 | 97 Отлаживаемые соединения задаются IPv4 или IPv6 (1.3.0, 1.2.1) |
98 адресом или сетью. | |
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99 Соединение может быть также задано при помощи имени хоста. |
523 | 100 Отладочный лог для соединений через UNIX-сокеты (1.3.0, 1.2.1) |
101 включается параметром “<literal>unix:</literal>”. | |
516
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102 <example> |
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103 events { |
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104 debug_connection 127.0.0.1; |
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105 debug_connection localhost; |
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106 debug_connection 192.0.2.0/24; |
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107 debug_connection ::1; |
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108 debug_connection 2001:0db8::/32; |
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109 debug_connection unix:; |
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110 ... |
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111 } |
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112 </example> |
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113 <note> |
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114 Для работы директивы необходимо сконфигурировать nginx с параметром |
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115 <literal>--with-debug</literal>, |
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116 см. “<link doc="debugging_log.xml"/>”. |
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117 </note> |
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118 </para> |
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119 |
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120 </directive> |
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121 |
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122 |
574 | 123 <directive name="debug_points"> |
124 <syntax><literal>abort</literal> | <literal>stop</literal></syntax> | |
125 <default/> | |
126 <context>main</context> | |
127 | |
128 <para> | |
129 Эта директива используется для отладки. | |
130 </para> | |
131 | |
132 <para> | |
133 В случае обнаружения внутренней ошибки, например, утечки сокетов в момент | |
134 перезапуска рабочих процессов, включение <literal>debug_points</literal> | |
135 приводит к созданию core-файла (<literal>abort</literal>) | |
136 или остановке процесса (<literal>stop</literal>) с целью последующей | |
137 диагностики с помощью системного отладчика. | |
138 </para> | |
139 | |
140 </directive> | |
141 | |
142 | |
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143 <directive name="error_log"> |
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144 <syntax><value>файл</value> [<value>уровень</value>]</syntax> |
255
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145 <default>logs/error.log error</default> |
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146 <context>main</context> |
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147 <context>http</context> |
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148 <context>mail</context> |
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149 <context>stream</context> |
255
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150 <context>server</context> |
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151 <context>location</context> |
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152 |
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153 <para> |
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154 Конфигурирует запись в лог. |
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155 На одном уровне может использоваться несколько логов (1.5.2). |
255
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156 </para> |
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157 |
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158 <para> |
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159 Первый параметр задаёт <value>файл</value>, который будет хранить лог. |
255
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160 <!-- |
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161 Если имя файла не абсолютное, к нему добавляется в начало путь префикса. |
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162 --> |
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163 Специальное значение <literal>stderr</literal> выбирает стандартный файл ошибок. |
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164 Запись в <link doc="syslog.xml">syslog</link> настраивается указанием префикса |
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165 “<literal>syslog:</literal>”. |
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166 Запись в |
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167 <link doc="debugging_log.xml" id="memory">кольцевой буфер в памяти</link> |
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168 настраивается указанием префикса “<literal>memory:</literal>” и |
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169 <value>размера</value> буфера и как правило используется для отладки (1.7.11). |
255
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170 </para> |
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171 |
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172 <para> |
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173 Второй параметр определяет <value>уровень</value> лога |
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174 и может принимать одно из следующих значений: |
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175 <literal>debug</literal>, <literal>info</literal>, <literal>notice</literal>, |
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176 <literal>warn</literal>, <literal>error</literal>, <literal>crit</literal>, |
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177 <literal>alert</literal> или <literal>emerg</literal>. |
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178 Уровни лога, указанные выше, перечислены в порядке возрастания важности. |
255
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179 При установке определённого уровня в лог попадают все сообщения |
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180 указанного уровня и уровней большей важности. |
271 | 181 Например, при стандартном уровне <literal>error</literal> в лог попадают |
182 сообщения уровней <literal>error</literal>, <literal>crit</literal>, | |
183 <literal>alert</literal> и <literal>emerg</literal>. | |
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184 Если этот параметр не задан, используется <literal>error</literal>. |
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185 <note> |
271 | 186 Для работы уровня лога <literal>debug</literal> необходимо сконфигурировать |
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187 nginx с <literal>--with-debug</literal>, |
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188 см. “<link doc="debugging_log.xml"/>”. |
255
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189 </note> |
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190 |
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191 <note> |
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192 Директива может быть указана на |
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193 уровне <literal>stream</literal> |
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194 начиная с версии 1.7.11. |
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195 </note> |
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196 |
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197 <note> |
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198 Директива может быть указана на |
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199 уровне <literal>mail</literal> |
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200 начиная с версии 1.9.0. |
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201 </note> |
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202 </para> |
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203 |
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204 </directive> |
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205 |
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206 |
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207 <directive name="env"> |
271 | 208 <syntax><value>переменная</value>[=<value>значение</value>]</syntax> |
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209 <default>TZ</default> |
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210 <context>main</context> |
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211 |
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212 <para> |
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213 По умолчанию nginx удаляет все переменные окружения, унаследованные |
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214 от своего родительского процесса, кроме переменной TZ. |
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215 Эта директива позволяет сохранить часть унаследованных переменных, |
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216 поменять им значения или же создать новые переменные окружения. |
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217 Эти переменные затем: |
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218 <list type="bullet"> |
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219 |
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220 <listitem> |
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221 наследуются во время |
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222 <link doc="control.xml" id="upgrade">обновления исполняемого файла на лету</link>; |
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223 </listitem> |
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224 |
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225 <listitem> |
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226 используются модулем |
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227 <link doc="http/ngx_http_perl_module.xml">ngx_http_perl_module</link>; |
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228 </listitem> |
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229 |
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230 <listitem> |
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231 используются рабочими процессами. |
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232 Следует иметь в виду, что управление поведением системных библиотек |
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233 подобным образом возможно не всегда, поскольку зачастую библиотеки используют |
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234 переменные только во время инициализации, то есть ещё до того, как их |
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235 можно задать с помощью данной директивы. |
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236 Исключением из этого является упомянутое выше |
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237 <link doc="control.xml" id="upgrade">обновление исполняемого файла на лету</link>. |
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238 </listitem> |
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239 |
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240 </list> |
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241 </para> |
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242 |
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243 <para> |
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244 Если переменная TZ не описана явно, то она всегда наследуется |
255
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245 и всегда доступна модулю |
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246 <link doc="http/ngx_http_perl_module.xml">ngx_http_perl_module</link>. |
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247 </para> |
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248 |
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249 <para> |
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250 Пример использования: |
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251 <example> |
255
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252 env MALLOC_OPTIONS; |
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253 env PERL5LIB=/data/site/modules; |
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254 env OPENSSL_ALLOW_PROXY_CERTS=1; |
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255 </example> |
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256 </para> |
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257 |
444
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258 <para> |
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259 <note> |
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260 Переменная окружения NGINX используется для внутренних целей nginx |
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261 и не должна устанавливаться непосредственно самим пользователем. |
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262 </note> |
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263 </para> |
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264 |
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265 </directive> |
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266 |
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267 |
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268 <directive name="events"> |
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269 <syntax block="yes"/> |
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270 <default/> |
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271 <context>main</context> |
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272 |
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273 <para> |
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274 Предоставляет контекст конфигурационного файла, в котором указываются |
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275 директивы, влияющие на обработку соединений. |
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276 </para> |
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277 |
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278 </directive> |
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279 |
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280 |
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281 <directive name="include"> |
271 | 282 <syntax><value>файл</value> | <value>маска</value></syntax> |
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283 <default/> |
104
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284 <context/> |
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285 |
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286 <para> |
271 | 287 Включает в конфигурацию другой <value>файл</value> или файлы, |
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288 подходящие под заданную маску. |
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289 Включаемые файлы должны содержать синтаксически верные директивы и блоки. |
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290 </para> |
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291 |
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292 <para> |
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293 Пример использования: |
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294 <example> |
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295 include mime.types; |
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296 include vhosts/*.conf; |
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297 </example> |
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298 </para> |
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299 |
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300 </directive> |
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301 |
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302 |
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303 <directive name="load_module"> |
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304 <syntax><value>файл</value></syntax> |
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305 <default/> |
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306 <context>main</context> |
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307 <appeared-in>1.9.11</appeared-in> |
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308 |
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309 <para> |
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310 Загружает динамический модуль. |
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311 </para> |
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312 |
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313 <para> |
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314 Пример: |
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315 <example> |
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316 load_module modules/ngx_mail_module.so; |
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317 </example> |
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318 </para> |
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319 |
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320 </directive> |
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321 |
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322 |
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323 <directive name="lock_file"> |
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324 <syntax><value>файл</value></syntax> |
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325 <default>logs/nginx.lock</default> |
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326 <context>main</context> |
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327 |
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328 <para> |
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329 Для реализации <link id="accept_mutex"/> и сериализации доступа к |
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330 разделяемой памяти nginx использует механизм блокировок. |
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331 На большинстве систем блокировки реализованы с помощью атомарных |
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332 операций, и эта директива игнорируется. |
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333 Для остальных систем применяется механизм файлов блокировок. |
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334 Эта директива задаёт префикс имён файлов блокировок. |
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335 </para> |
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336 |
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337 </directive> |
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338 |
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339 |
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340 <directive name="master_process"> |
271 | 341 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax> |
102
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342 <default>on</default> |
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343 <context>main</context> |
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344 |
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345 <para> |
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346 Определяет, будут ли запускаться рабочие процессы. |
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347 Эта директива предназначена для разработчиков nginx. |
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348 </para> |
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349 |
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350 </directive> |
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351 |
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352 |
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353 <directive name="multi_accept"> |
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354 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax> |
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355 <default>off</default> |
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356 <context>events</context> |
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357 |
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358 <para> |
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359 Если <literal>multi_accept</literal> выключен, рабочий процесс |
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360 за один раз будет принимать только одно новое соединение. |
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361 В противном случае рабочий процесс |
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362 за один раз будет принимать сразу все новые соединения. |
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363 <note> |
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364 Директива игнорируется в случае использования метода обработки соединений |
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365 <link doc="events.xml" id="kqueue"/>, т.к. данный метод сам сообщает |
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366 число новых соединений, ожидающих приёма. |
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367 </note> |
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368 </para> |
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369 |
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370 </directive> |
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371 |
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372 |
289
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373 <directive name="pcre_jit"> |
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374 <syntax><literal>on</literal> | <literal>off</literal></syntax> |
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375 <default>off</default> |
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376 <context>main</context> |
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377 <appeared-in>1.1.12</appeared-in> |
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378 |
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379 <para> |
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380 Разрешает или запрещает использование JIT-компиляции (PCRE JIT) |
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381 для регулярных выражений, известных на момент парсинга конфигурации. |
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382 </para> |
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383 |
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384 <para> |
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385 Использование PCRE JIT способно существенно ускорить обработку |
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386 регулярных выражений. |
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387 <note> |
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388 Для работы JIT необходима библиотека PCRE версии 8.20 или выше, |
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389 собранная с параметром конфигурации <literal>--enable-jit</literal>. |
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390 При сборке библиотеки PCRE вместе с nginx (<literal>--with-pcre=</literal>), |
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391 для включения поддержки JIT необходимо использовать параметр |
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392 конфигурации <literal>--with-pcre-jit</literal>. |
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393 </note> |
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394 </para> |
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395 |
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396 </directive> |
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397 |
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398 |
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399 <directive name="pid"> |
271 | 400 <syntax><value>файл</value></syntax> |
102
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401 <default>nginx.pid</default> |
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402 <context>main</context> |
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403 |
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404 <para> |
271 | 405 Задаёт <value>файл</value>, в котором будет храниться номер (PID) основного процесса. |
76
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406 </para> |
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407 |
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408 </directive> |
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409 |
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410 |
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411 <directive name="ssl_engine"> |
271 | 412 <syntax><value>устройство</value></syntax> |
99
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413 <default/> |
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414 <context>main</context> |
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415 |
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416 <para> |
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417 Задаёт название аппаратного SSL-акселератора. |
76
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418 </para> |
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419 |
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420 </directive> |
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421 |
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422 |
1436 | 423 <directive name="thread_pool"> |
424 <syntax> | |
425 <value>имя</value> | |
426 <literal>threads</literal>=<value>число</value> | |
427 [<literal>max_queue</literal>=<value>число</value>]</syntax> | |
428 <default>default threads=32 max_queue=65536</default> | |
429 <context>main</context> | |
430 <appeared-in>1.7.11</appeared-in> | |
431 | |
432 <para> | |
433 Задаёт именованные пулы потоков, | |
434 используемые для многопоточной обработки операций чтения и отправки файлов | |
435 <link doc="http/ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="aio">без блокирования</link> | |
436 рабочего процесса. | |
437 </para> | |
438 | |
439 <para> | |
440 Параметр <literal>threads</literal> | |
441 задаёт число потоков в пуле. | |
442 </para> | |
443 | |
444 <para> | |
445 Если все потоки из пула заняты выполнением заданий, | |
446 новое задание будет ожидать своего выполнения в очереди. | |
447 Параметр <literal>max_queue</literal> ограничивает число заданий, | |
448 ожидающих своего выполнения в очереди. | |
449 По умолчанию в очереди может находиться до 65536 заданий. | |
450 При переполнении очереди задание завершается с ошибкой. | |
451 </para> | |
452 | |
453 </directive> | |
454 | |
455 | |
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456 <directive name="timer_resolution"> |
271 | 457 <syntax><value>интервал</value></syntax> |
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458 <default/> |
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459 <context>main</context> |
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460 |
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461 <para> |
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462 Уменьшает разрешение таймеров времени в рабочих процессах, за счёт |
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463 чего уменьшается число системных вызовов <c-func>gettimeofday</c-func>. |
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464 По умолчанию <c-func>gettimeofday</c-func> вызывается после каждой |
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465 операции получения событий из ядра. |
957
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466 При уменьшении разрешения <c-func>gettimeofday</c-func> вызывается только |
271 | 467 один раз за указанный <value>интервал</value>. |
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468 </para> |
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469 |
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470 <para> |
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471 Пример использования: |
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472 <example> |
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473 timer_resolution 100ms; |
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474 </example> |
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475 </para> |
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476 |
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477 <para> |
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478 Внутренняя реализация интервала зависит от используемого метода: |
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479 <list type="bullet"> |
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480 |
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481 <listitem> |
271 | 482 фильтр <c-def>EVFILT_TIMER</c-def> при использовании <literal>kqueue</literal>; |
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483 </listitem> |
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484 |
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485 <listitem> |
271 | 486 <c-func>timer_create</c-func> при использовании <literal>eventport</literal>; |
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487 </listitem> |
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488 |
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489 <listitem> |
255
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490 и <c-func>setitimer</c-func> во всех остальных случаях. |
76
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491 </listitem> |
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492 |
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493 </list> |
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494 </para> |
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495 |
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496 </directive> |
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497 |
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498 |
556
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499 <directive name="use"> |
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500 <syntax><value>метод</value></syntax> |
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501 <default/> |
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502 <context>events</context> |
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503 |
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504 <para> |
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505 Задаёт <value>метод</value>, используемый для |
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506 <link doc="events.xml">обработки соединений</link>. |
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507 Обычно нет необходимости задавать его явно, поскольку по умолчанию |
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508 nginx сам выбирает наиболее эффективный метод. |
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509 </para> |
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510 |
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511 </directive> |
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512 |
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513 |
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514 <directive name="user"> |
271 | 515 <syntax><value>пользователь</value> [<value>группа</value>]</syntax> |
255
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516 <default>nobody nobody</default> |
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517 <context>main</context> |
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518 |
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519 <para> |
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520 Задаёт пользователя и группу, с правами которого будут работать |
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521 рабочие процессы. |
271 | 522 Если <value>группа</value> не задана, то используется группа, имя |
255
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523 которой совпадает с именем пользователя. |
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524 </para> |
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525 |
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526 </directive> |
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527 |
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528 |
749
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529 <directive name="worker_aio_requests"> |
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530 <syntax><value>число</value></syntax> |
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531 <default>32</default> |
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532 <context>events</context> |
750
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533 <appeared-in>1.1.4</appeared-in> |
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534 <appeared-in>1.0.7</appeared-in> |
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535 |
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536 <para> |
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537 При использовании <link doc="http/ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="aio"/> |
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538 совместно с методом обработки соединений |
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539 <link doc="../docs/events.xml" id="epoll"/>, |
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540 задаёт максимальное <value>число</value> ожидающих обработки операций |
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541 асинхронного ввода-вывода для одного рабочего процесса. |
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542 </para> |
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543 |
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544 </directive> |
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545 |
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546 |
545
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547 <directive name="worker_connections"> |
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548 <syntax><value>число</value></syntax> |
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549 <default>512</default> |
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550 <context>events</context> |
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551 |
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552 <para> |
957
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553 Задаёт максимальное число соединений, которые одновременно |
545
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554 может открыть рабочий процесс. |
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555 </para> |
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556 |
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557 <para> |
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558 Следует иметь в виду, что в это число входят все соединения |
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559 (в том числе, например, соединения с проксируемыми серверами), |
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560 а не только соединения с клиентами. |
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561 Стоит также учитывать, что фактическое число одновременных |
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562 соединений не может превышать действующего ограничения на |
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563 максимальное число открытых файлов, |
659
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564 которое можно изменить с помощью <link id="worker_rlimit_nofile"/>. |
545
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565 </para> |
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566 |
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567 </directive> |
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|
568 |
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569 |
469
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570 <directive name="worker_cpu_affinity"> |
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571 <syntax><value>маска_CPU</value> ...</syntax> |
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572 <syntax><literal>auto</literal> [<value>маска_CPU</value>]</syntax> |
469
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|
573 <default/> |
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574 <context>main</context> |
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575 |
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576 <para> |
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577 Привязывает рабочие процессы к группам процессоров. |
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578 Каждая группа процессоров задаётся битовой маской |
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579 разрешённых к использованию процессоров. |
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580 Для каждого рабочего процесса должна быть задана отдельная группа. |
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581 По умолчанию рабочие процессы не привязаны к конкретным процессорам. |
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582 </para> |
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583 |
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584 <para> |
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585 Например, |
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586 <example> |
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587 worker_processes 4; |
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588 worker_cpu_affinity 0001 0010 0100 1000; |
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589 </example> |
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|
590 привязывает каждый рабочий процесс к отдельному процессору, тогда как |
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591 <example> |
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592 worker_processes 2; |
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|
593 worker_cpu_affinity 0101 1010; |
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594 </example> |
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changeset
|
595 привязывает первый рабочий процесс к CPU0/CPU2, |
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596 а второй — к CPU1/CPU3. |
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|
597 Второй пример пригоден для hyper-threading. |
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|
598 </para> |
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|
599 |
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|
600 <para> |
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601 Специальное значение <literal>auto</literal> (1.9.10) позволяет |
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changeset
|
602 автоматически привязать рабочие процессы к доступным процессорам: |
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603 <example> |
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604 worker_processes auto; |
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605 worker_cpu_affinity auto; |
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606 </example> |
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607 С помощью необязательной маски можно ограничить процессоры, |
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608 доступные для автоматической привязки: |
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609 <example> |
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610 worker_cpu_affinity auto 01010101; |
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611 </example> |
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612 </para> |
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613 |
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614 <para> |
469
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615 <note> |
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616 Директива доступна только на FreeBSD и Linux. |
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617 </note> |
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618 </para> |
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619 |
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620 </directive> |
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621 |
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|
622 |
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623 <directive name="worker_priority"> |
271 | 624 <syntax><value>число</value></syntax> |
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625 <default>0</default> |
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626 <context>main</context> |
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627 |
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628 <para> |
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629 Задаёт приоритет планирования рабочих процессов подобно тому, |
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630 как это делается командой <command>nice</command>: отрицательное |
271 | 631 <value>число</value> |
255
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632 означает более высокий приоритет. |
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633 Диапазон возможных значений, как правило, варьируется от -20 до 20. |
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634 </para> |
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635 |
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636 <para> |
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637 Пример использования: |
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638 <example> |
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639 worker_priority -10; |
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640 </example> |
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641 </para> |
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642 |
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643 </directive> |
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644 |
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645 |
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646 <directive name="worker_processes"> |
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647 <syntax><value>число</value> | <literal>auto</literal></syntax> |
255
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648 <default>1</default> |
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649 <context>main</context> |
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650 |
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651 <para> |
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652 Задаёт число рабочих процессов. |
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653 </para> |
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654 |
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655 <para> |
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656 Оптимальное значение зависит от множества факторов, включая |
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657 (но не ограничиваясь ими) число процессорных ядер, число |
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658 жёстких дисков с данными и картину нагрузок. |
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659 Если затрудняетесь в выборе правильного значения, можно начать |
740
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660 с установки его равным числу процессорных ядер |
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661 (значение “<literal>auto</literal>” пытается определить его |
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662 автоматически). |
742
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663 <note> |
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664 Параметр <literal>auto</literal> поддерживается только начиная |
764
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665 с версий 1.3.8 и 1.2.5. |
742
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666 </note> |
255
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667 </para> |
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668 |
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669 </directive> |
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670 |
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671 |
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672 <directive name="worker_rlimit_core"> |
271 | 673 <syntax><value>размер</value></syntax> |
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674 <default/> |
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675 <context>main</context> |
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676 |
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677 <para> |
255
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678 Изменяет ограничение на наибольший размер core-файла |
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679 (<c-def>RLIMIT_CORE</c-def>) для рабочих процессов. |
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680 Используется для увеличения ограничения без перезапуска основного процесса. |
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681 </para> |
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682 |
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683 </directive> |
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684 |
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685 |
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686 <directive name="worker_rlimit_nofile"> |
271 | 687 <syntax><value>число</value></syntax> |
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688 <default/> |
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689 <context>main</context> |
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690 |
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691 <para> |
255
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692 Изменяет ограничение на максимальное число открытых файлов |
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693 (<c-def>RLIMIT_NOFILE</c-def>) для рабочих процессов. |
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694 Используется для увеличения ограничения без перезапуска основного процесса. |
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695 </para> |
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696 |
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697 </directive> |
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698 |
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699 |
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700 <directive name="working_directory"> |
271 | 701 <syntax><value>каталог</value></syntax> |
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702 <default/> |
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703 <context>main</context> |
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704 |
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705 <para> |
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706 Задаёт каталог, который будет текущим для рабочего процесса. |
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707 Основное применение — запись core-файла, в этом случае рабочий |
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708 процесс должен иметь права на запись в этот каталог. |
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709 </para> |
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710 |
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711 </directive> |
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712 |
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713 </section> |
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714 |
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715 </module> |