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annotate xml/ru/linux_packages.xml @ 1252:27b22e625491

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CentOS/RHEL 7 added to the package download page.
author Sergey Budnevitch <sb@waeme.net>
date Tue, 15 Jul 2014 19:55:05 +0400
parents f9b35c517517
children c298cfefceee
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1 <!--
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2 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc.
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3 -->
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4
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5 <!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "../../dtd/article.dtd">
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6
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7 <article name="nginx: пакеты для Linux"
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8 link="/ru/linux_packages.html"
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9 lang="ru"
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10 rev="7"
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11 toc="no">
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12
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13 <section id="distributions">
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14
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15 <para>
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16 В данный момент доступны готовые пакеты для следующих дистрибутивов и их
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17 версий:
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18 </para>
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19
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20 <para>
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21 RHEL/CentOS:
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22
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23 <table note="yes">
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24
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25 <tr>
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26 <td width="20%">Версия</td>
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27 </tr>
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28
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29 <tr>
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30 <td width="20%">5.x</td>
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31 </tr>
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33 <tr>
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34 <td width="20%">6.x</td>
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35 </tr>
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36
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37 <tr>
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38 <td width="20%">7.x</td>
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39 </tr>
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882
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41 </table>
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42 </para>
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43
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44 <para>
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45 Debian:
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46
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47 <table note="yes">
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48
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49 <tr>
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50 <td width="20%">Версия</td>
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51 <td>Кодовое имя</td>
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52 </tr>
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53
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54 <tr>
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55 <td width="20%">6.x</td>
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56 <td>squeeze</td>
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57 </tr>
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58
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59 <tr>
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60 <td width="20%">7.x</td>
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61 <td>wheezy</td>
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62 </tr>
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64 </table>
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65 </para>
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66
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67 <para>
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68 Ubuntu:
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69
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70 <table note="yes">
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71
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72 <tr>
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73 <td width="20%">версия</td>
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74 <td>Кодовое имя</td>
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75 </tr>
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77 <tr>
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78 <td width="20%">10.04</td>
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79 <td>lucid</td>
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80 </tr>
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81
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82 <tr>
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83 <td width="20%">12.04</td>
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84 <td>precise</td>
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85 </tr>
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87 <tr>
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88 <td width="20%">12.10</td>
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89 <td>quantal</td>
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90 </tr>
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91
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92 <tr>
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93 <td width="20%">13.10</td>
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94 <td>saucy</td>
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95 </tr>
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96
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97 <tr>
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98 <td width="20%">14.04</td>
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99 <td>trusty</td>
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100 </tr>
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101
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102 </table>
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103 </para>
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104
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105 <para>
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106 Чтобы включить автоматическое обновление пакетов для Linux,
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107 настройте репозиторий yum для дистрибутивов RHEL/CentOS,
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108 или репозиторий apt для дистрибутивов Debian/Ubuntu.
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109 </para>
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110
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111 </section>
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112
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113
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114 <section name="Готовые пакеты стабильной версии" id="stable">
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115
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116 <para>
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117 Для настройки репозитория yum для RHEL/CentOS выберите из списка
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118 соответствующий пакет <literal>nginx-release</literal>:
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119
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120 <list type="bullet">
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121
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122 <listitem>
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123 <link url="http://nginx.org/packages/rhel/5/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-rhel-5-0.el5.ngx.noarch.rpm">RHEL 5</link>
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124 </listitem>
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125
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126 <listitem>
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127 <link url="http://nginx.org/packages/rhel/6/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-rhel-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm">RHEL 6</link>
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128 </listitem>
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129
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130 <listitem>
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131 <link url="http://nginx.org/packages/rhel/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-rhel-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm">RHEL 7</link>
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132 </listitem>
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133
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134 <listitem>
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135 <link url="http://nginx.org/packages/centos/5/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-5-0.el5.ngx.noarch.rpm">CentOS 5</link>
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136 </listitem>
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137
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138 <listitem>
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139 <link url="http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm">CentOS 6</link>
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140 </listitem>
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141
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142 <listitem>
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143 <link url="http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm">CentOS 7</link>
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144 </listitem>
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145
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146 </list>
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147
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148 Пакет содержит конфигурационный файл для yum и публичный PGP-ключ,
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149 необходимый для проверки подлинности подписи RPM-пакетов.
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150 Загрузите и установите его, затем выполните команду:
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151 <programlisting>
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152 yum install nginx
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153 </programlisting>
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154
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155 Кроме того, конфигурацию репозитория можно добавить вручную
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156 без установки пакета <literal>nginx-release</literal>.
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157 Создайте файл с именем <path>/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo</path>
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158 и таким содержимым:
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159
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160 <programlisting>
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161 [nginx]
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162 name=nginx repo
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163 baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/OS/OSRELEASE/$basearch/
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164 gpgcheck=0
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165 enabled=1
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166 </programlisting>
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167
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168 Замените “<literal>OS</literal>” на “<literal>rhel</literal>” или
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169 “<literal>centos</literal>”,
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170 в зависимости от используемого дистрибутива, а “<literal>OSRELEASE</literal>”
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171 на “<literal>5</literal>”, “<literal>6</literal>” или “<literal>7</literal>”,
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172 для, соответственно, 5.x, 6.x или 7.x версий.
882
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173 </para>
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174
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175 <para>
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176 Для Debian/Ubuntu, для проверки подлинности подписи репозитория nginx,
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177 и чтобы избавиться от предупреждений об отсутствующем PGP-ключе во время
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178 установки пакета nginx, необходимо добавить ключ, которым были подписаны
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179 пакеты и репозиторий nginx, в связку ключей программы <command>apt</command>.
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180 Загрузите <link url="http://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key">этот
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181 ключ</link> с нашего веб-сайта и добавьте его в связку ключей программы
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182 <command>apt</command>, выполнив команду:
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183 <programlisting>
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184 sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key
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185 </programlisting>
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186 </para>
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187
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188 <para>
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189 Для Debian замените <i>codename</i> на
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190 <link id="distributions">кодовое имя</link> дистрибутива,
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191 и добавьте в конец файла <path>/etc/apt/sources.list</path>
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192 следующее:
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193
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194 <programlisting>
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195 deb http://nginx.org/packages/debian/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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196 deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/debian/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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197 </programlisting>
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198 </para>
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199
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200 <para>
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201 Для Ubuntu замените <i>codename</i> на
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202 <link id="distributions">кодовое имя</link> дистрибутива,
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203 и добавьте в конец файла <path>/etc/apt/sources.list</path>
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204 следующее:
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205
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206 <programlisting>
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207 deb http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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208 deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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209 </programlisting>
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210 </para>
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211
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212 <para>
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213 Для Debian/Ubuntu затем выполните команды:
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214 <programlisting>
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215 apt-get update
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216 apt-get install nginx
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217 </programlisting>
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218 </para>
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219
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220 </section>
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221
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222
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223 <section name="Готовые пакеты mainline-версии" id="mainline">
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224
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225 <para>
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226 Для настройки репозитория yum для RHEL/CentOS необходимо
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227 создать файл с именем <path>/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo</path>
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228 и таким содержимым:
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229
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230 <programlisting>
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231 [nginx]
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232 name=nginx repo
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233 baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/OS/OSRELEASE/$basearch/
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234 gpgcheck=0
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235 enabled=1
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236 </programlisting>
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237
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238 Замените “<literal>OS</literal>” на “<literal>rhel</literal>” или
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239 “<literal>centos</literal>”,
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240 в зависимости от используемого дистрибутива, а “<literal>OSRELEASE</literal>”
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241 на “<literal>5</literal>”, “<literal>6</literal>” или “<literal>7</literal>”,
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242 для, соответственно, 5.x, 6.x или 7.x версий.
882
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243 </para>
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244
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245 <para>
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246 Для Debian/Ubuntu, для проверки подлинности подписи репозитория nginx,
933
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247 и чтобы избавиться от предупреждений об отсутствующем PGP-ключе во время
882
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248 установки пакета nginx, необходимо добавить ключ, которым были подписаны
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249 пакеты и репозиторий nginx, в связку ключей программы <command>apt</command>.
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250 Загрузите <link url="http://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key">этот
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251 ключ</link> с нашего веб-сайта и добавьте его в связку ключей программы
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252 <command>apt</command>, выполнив команду:
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253 <programlisting>
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254 sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key
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255 </programlisting>
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256 </para>
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257
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258 <para>
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259 Для Debian замените <i>codename</i> на
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260 <link id="distributions">кодовое имя</link> дистрибутива,
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261 и добавьте в конец файла <path>/etc/apt/sources.list</path>
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262 следующее:
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263
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264 <programlisting>
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265 deb http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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266 deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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267 </programlisting>
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268 </para>
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269
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270 <para>
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271 Для Ubuntu замените <i>codename</i> на
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272 <link id="distributions">кодовое имя</link> дистрибутива,
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273 и добавьте в конец файла <path>/etc/apt/sources.list</path>
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274 следующее:
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275
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276 <programlisting>
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277 deb http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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278 deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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279 </programlisting>
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280 </para>
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281
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282 <para>
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283 Для Debian/Ubuntu затем выполните команды:
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284 <programlisting>
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285 apt-get update
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286 apt-get install nginx
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287 </programlisting>
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288 </para>
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289
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290 </section>
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291
932
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292
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293 <section name="Подписи" id="signatures">
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294
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295 <para>
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296 Для проверки целостности и происхождения загруженного пакета
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297 и в случае RPM, и в случае репозиториев Debian/Ubuntu используется
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298 цифровая подпись.
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299 Для проверки подписи необходимо загрузить
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300 <link url="http://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key">этот ключ</link>
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301 и импортировать его в связку ключей программы <command>rpm</command>
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302 или <command>apt</command>:
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303
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304 <list type="bullet">
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305
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306 <listitem>
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307 Для Debian/Ubuntu:
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308 <programlisting>sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key</programlisting>
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309 </listitem>
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310
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311 <listitem>
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312 Для RHEL/CentOS:
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313 <programlisting>sudo rpm --import nginx_signing.key</programlisting>
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314 </listitem>
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315
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316 </list>
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317 </para>
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318
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319 <para>
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320 В Debian/Ubuntu подпись проверяется по умолчанию, однако
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321 в RHEL/CentOS необходимо добавить
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322 <programlisting>gpgcheck=1</programlisting> в файл
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323 <path>/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo</path>.
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324 </para>
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325
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326 <para>
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327 Поскольку наши <link doc="../en/pgp_keys.xml">PGP-ключи</link>
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328 находятся на том же сервере, что и пакеты,
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329 им следует доверять в равной степени.
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330 Поэтому мы настоятельно рекомендуем дополнительно проверить
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331 подлинность загруженных PGP-ключей.
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332 В PGP есть понятие “сети доверия”,
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333 когда ключ подписывается чьим-либо другим ключом,
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334 тот в свою очередь третьим, и т.д.
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335 Это зачастую позволяет построить цепочку от произвольного ключа
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336 до ключа человека, которого вы знаете и кому доверяете лично,
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337 и таким образом удостовериться в подлинности первого ключа в цепочке.
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338 Подробно эта концепция описана в
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339 <link url="http://www.dewinter.com/gnupg_howto/english/GPGMiniHowto-1.html">
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340 GPG Mini Howto</link>.
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341 У наших ключей есть достаточное количество подписей,
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342 поэтому проверить их подлинность относительно несложно.
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343 </para>
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344
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345 </section>
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346
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347 </article>