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annotate xml/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_perl_module.xml @ 580:be54c443235a

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Added copyright markers to documentation sources.
author Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
date Tue, 10 Jul 2012 12:59:42 +0000
parents c640e00858ed
children 764fbac1b8b4
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
rev   line source
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
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2
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3 <!--
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4 Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev
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5 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc.
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6 -->
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7
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8 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd">
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9
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10 <module name="Модуль ngx_http_perl_module"
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11 link="/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_perl_module.html"
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12 lang="ru">
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13
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14 <section id="summary">
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15
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16 <para>
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17 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_perl_module</literal> позволяет писать обработчики
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18 location и переменных на Perl, а также вставлять вызовы Perl в SSI.
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19 </para>
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20
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21 <para>
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22 По умолчанию этот модуль не собирается, его сборку необходимо
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23 разрешить с помощью конфигурационного параметра
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24 <literal>--with-http_perl_module</literal>.
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25 <note>
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26 Для сборки этого модуля необходим Perl версии 5.6.1 и выше.
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27 Компилятор C должен быть совместим с тем, которым был собран Perl.
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28 </note>
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29 </para>
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30
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31 </section>
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32
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33
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34 <section id="bugs" name="Известные проблемы">
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35
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36 <para>
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37 Модуль экспериментальный, поэтому возможно всё.
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38 </para>
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39
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40 <para>
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41 Для того, чтобы во время переконфигурации Perl перекомпилировал
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42 изменённые модули, его нужно собрать с параметрами
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43 <literal>-Dusemultiplicity=yes</literal> или
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44 <literal>-Dusethreads=yes</literal>.
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45 Кроме того, чтобы во время работы Perl меньше терял память,
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46 его нужно собрать с параметром
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47 <literal>-Dusemymalloc=no</literal>.
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48 Узнать значения этих параметров у уже собранного
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49 Perl можно так (в примере приведены желаемые значения параметров):
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50 <example>
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51 $ perl -V:usemultiplicity -V:usemymalloc
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52 usemultiplicity='define';
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53 usemymalloc='n';
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54 </example>
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55 </para>
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56
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57 <para>
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58 Необходимо учитывать, что после пересборки Perl с новыми параметрами
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59 <literal>-Dusemultiplicity=yes</literal> или
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60 <literal>-Dusethreads=yes</literal>
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61 придётся также пересобрать и все бинарные модули Perl — они
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62 просто перестанут работать с новым Perl.
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63 </para>
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64
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65 <para>
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66 Возможно, основной процесс, а вслед за ним и рабочие процессы,
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67 будут увеличиваться в размерах при каждой переконфигурации.
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68 Когда основной процесс вырастет до неприемлемых размеров, можно
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69 воспользоваться процедурой
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70 <link doc="../control.xml" id="upgrade">обновления сервера на лету</link>,
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71 не меняя при этом сам исполняемый файл.
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72 </para>
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73
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74 <para>
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75 Если модуль Perl выполняет длительную операцию, например, определяет
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76 адрес по имени, соединяется с другим сервером, делает запрос к базе данных,
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77 то на это время все остальные запросы, обслуживаемые данным рабочим процессом,
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78 не будут обрабатываться. Поэтому рекомендуется ограничиться операциями,
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79 время исполнения которых короткое и предсказуемое, например, обращение
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80 к локальной файловой системе.
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81 </para>
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82
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83 <para>
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84 Нижеописанные проблемы относятся только к версиям nginx до 0.6.22.
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85
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86 <note>
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87 Данные, возвращаемые методами объекта запроса <literal>$r</literal>,
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88 имеют только текстовое значение, причём само значение хранится
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89 в памяти, выделяемой не Perl, а nginx из собственных пулов.
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90 Это позволяет уменьшить число операций копирования в большинстве случаев,
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91 однако в некоторых ситуациях это приводит к ошибке,
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92 например, при попытке использования таких значений в численном контексте
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93 рабочий процесс выходит с ошибкой (FreeBSD):
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94 <example>
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95 nginx in realloc(): warning: pointer to wrong page
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96 Out of memory!
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97 Callback called exit.
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98 </example>
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99 или (Linux):
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100 <example>
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101 *** glibc detected *** realloc(): invalid pointer: ... ***
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102 Out of memory!
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103 Callback called exit.
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104 </example>
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105 Обход такой ситуации простой — нужно присвоить значение метода
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106 переменной, например, такой код
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107 <example>
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108 my $i = $r->variable('counter') + 1;
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109 </example>
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110 нужно заменить на
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111 <example>
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112 my $i = $r->variable('counter');
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113 $i++;
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114 </example>
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115 </note>
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116
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117 <note>
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118 Так как строки внутри nginx в большинстве случаев хранятся без
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119 завершающего нуля, то они в таком же виде возвращаются методами
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120 объекта запроса <literal>$r</literal> (исключения составляют методы
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121 <literal>$r->filename</literal> и <literal>$r->request_body_file</literal>).
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122 Поэтому такие значения нельзя использовать
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123 в качестве имени файла и тому подобном.
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124 Обход такой же, как и предыдущей ситуации — присвоение значения
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125 переменной (при этом происходит копирование данных и добавление необходимого
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126 нуля) или же использование в выражении, например:
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127 <example>
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128 open FILE, '/path/' . $r->variable('name');
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129 </example>
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130 </note>
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131
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132 </para>
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133
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134 </section>
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135
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136
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137 <section id="example" name="Пример конфигурации">
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138
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139 <para>
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140 <example>
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141 http {
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142
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143 perl_modules perl/lib;
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144 perl_require hello.pm;
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145
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146 perl_set $msie6 '
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147
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148 sub {
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149 my $r = shift;
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150 my $ua = $r->header_in("User-Agent");
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151
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152 return "" if $ua =~ /Opera/;
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153 return "1" if $ua =~ / MSIE [6-9]\.\d+/;
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154 return "";
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155 }
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156
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157 ';
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158
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159 server {
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160 location / {
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161 perl hello::handler;
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162 }
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163 }
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164 </example>
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165 </para>
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166
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167 <para>
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168 Модуль <path>perl/lib/hello.pm</path>:
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169 <example>
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170 package hello;
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171
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172 use nginx;
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173
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174 sub handler {
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175 my $r = shift;
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176
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177 $r->send_http_header("text/html");
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178 return OK if $r->header_only;
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179
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180 $r->print("hello!\n&lt;br/&gt;");
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181
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182 if (-f $r->filename or -d _) {
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183 $r->print($r->uri, " exists!\n");
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184 }
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185
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186 return OK;
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187 }
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188
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189 1;
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190 __END__
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191 </example>
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192 </para>
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193
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194 </section>
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195
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196
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197 <section id="directives" name="Директивы">
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198
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199 <directive name="perl">
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200 <syntax><value>модуль</value>::<value>функция</value>|'sub { ... }'</syntax>
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201 <default/>
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202 <context>location</context>
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203 <context>limit_except</context>
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204
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205 <para>
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206 Устанавливает обработчик Perl для данного location.
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207 </para>
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208
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209 </directive>
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210
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211
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212 <directive name="perl_modules">
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213 <syntax><value>путь</value></syntax>
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214 <default/>
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215 <context>http</context>
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216
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217 <para>
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218 Задаёт дополнительный путь для модулей Perl.
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219 </para>
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220
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221 </directive>
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222
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223
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224 <directive name="perl_require">
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225 <syntax><value>модуль</value></syntax>
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226 <default/>
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227 <context>http</context>
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228
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229 <para>
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230 Задаёт имя модуля, который будет подгружаться при каждой
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231 переконфигурации.
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232 Директив <literal>perl_require</literal> может быть несколько.
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233 </para>
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234
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235 </directive>
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236
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237
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238 <directive name="perl_set">
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239 <syntax>
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240 <value>$переменная</value>
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241 <value>модуль</value>::<value>функция</value>|'sub { ... }'</syntax>
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242 <default/>
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243 <context>http</context>
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244
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245 <para>
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246 Устанавливает обработчик Perl для указанной переменной.
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247 </para>
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248
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249 </directive>
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250
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251 </section>
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252
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253
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254 <section id="ssi" name="Вызов Perl из SSI">
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255
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256 <para>
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257 Формат команды SSI с вызовом Perl следующий:
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258 <example>
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259 &lt;!--# perl sub="<value>модуль</value>::<value>функция</value>" arg="<value>параметр1</value>" arg="<value>параметр2</value>" ...
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260 --&gt;
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261 </example>
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262 </para>
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263
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264 </section>
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265
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266
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267 <section id="methods" name="Методы объекта запроса $r">
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268
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269 <para>
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270 <list type="tag">
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271
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272 <tag-name><literal>$r->args</literal></tag-name>
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273 <tag-desc>
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274 возвращает аргументы запроса.
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275 </tag-desc>
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276
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277 <tag-name><literal>$r->filename</literal></tag-name>
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278 <tag-desc>
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279 возвращает имя файла, соответствующее URI запроса.
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280 </tag-desc>
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281
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282 <tag-name>
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283 <literal>$r->has_request_body(<value>обработчик</value>)</literal>
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284 </tag-name>
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285 <tag-desc>
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286 возвращает 0, если в запросе нет тела.
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287 Если же тело запроса есть, то устанавливается
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288 указанный обработчик и возвращается 1.
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289 По окончании чтения тела запроса nginx вызовет установленный обработчик.
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290 Обратите внимание, что нужно передавать ссылку на функцию обработчика.
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291 Пример:
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292 <example>
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293 package hello;
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294
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295 use nginx;
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296
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297 sub handler {
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298 my $r = shift;
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299
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300 if ($r->request_method ne "POST") {
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301 return DECLINED;
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302 }
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303
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304 if ($r->has_request_body(<emphasis>\&amp;post</emphasis>)) {
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305 return OK;
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306 }
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307
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308 return HTTP_BAD_REQUEST;
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309 }
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310
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311 sub <emphasis>post</emphasis> {
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312 my $r = shift;
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313
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314 $r->send_http_header;
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315
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316 $r->print("request_body: \"", $r->request_body, "\"&lt;br/&gt;");
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317 $r->print("request_body_file: \"", $r->request_body_file, "\"&lt;br/&gt;\n");
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318
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319 return OK;
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320 }
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321
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322 1;
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323
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324 __END__
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325 </example>
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326 </tag-desc>
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327
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328 <tag-name><literal>$r->allow_ranges</literal></tag-name>
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329 <tag-desc>
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330 разрешает использовать диапазоны байт (byte ranges) при передаче ответа.
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331 </tag-desc>
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332
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333 <tag-name><literal>$r->discard_request_body</literal></tag-name>
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334 <tag-desc>
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335 указывает nginx игнорировать тело запроса.
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336 </tag-desc>
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337
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338 <tag-name><literal>$r->header_in(<value>поле</value>)</literal></tag-name>
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339 <tag-desc>
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340 возвращает значение заданного поля в заголовке запроса клиента.
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341 </tag-desc>
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342
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343 <tag-name><literal>$r->header_only</literal></tag-name>
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344 <tag-desc>
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345 определяет, нужно ли передавать клиенту только заголовок ответа или весь ответ.
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346 </tag-desc>
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347
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348 <tag-name>
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349 <literal>$r->header_out(<value>поле</value>,
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350 <value>значение</value>)</literal>
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351 </tag-name>
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352 <tag-desc>
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353 устанавливает значение для заданного поля в заголовке ответа.
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354 </tag-desc>
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355
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356 <tag-name>
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357 <literal>$r->internal_redirect(<value>uri</value>)</literal>
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358 </tag-name>
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359 <tag-desc>
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360 делает внутреннее перенаправление на указанный <value>uri</value>.
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361 Перенаправление происходит уже после завершения обработчика Perl.
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362 </tag-desc>
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363
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364 <tag-name><literal>$r->print(<value>текст</value>, ...)</literal></tag-name>
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365 <tag-desc>
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366 метод передаёт клиенту данные.
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367 </tag-desc>
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368
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369 <tag-name><literal>$r->request_body</literal></tag-name>
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370 <tag-desc>
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371 возвращает тело запроса клиента при условии,
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372 что тело не записано во временный файл.
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373 Для того, чтобы тело запроса клиента гарантированно находилось в памяти,
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374 нужно ограничить его размер с помощью
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375 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="client_max_body_size"/>
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376 и задать достаточной размер для буфера
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377 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="client_body_buffer_size"/>.
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378 </tag-desc>
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379
415
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380 <tag-name><literal>$r->request_body_file</literal></tag-name>
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381 <tag-desc>
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382 возвращает имя файла, в котором хранится тело запроса клиента.
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383 По завершению обработки файл необходимо удалить.
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384 Для того, чтобы тело запроса клиента всегда записывалось в файл,
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385 следует включить
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386 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="client_body_in_file_only"/>.
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387 </tag-desc>
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388
415
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389 <tag-name><literal>$r->request_method</literal></tag-name>
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390 <tag-desc>
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391 возвращает HTTP-метод запроса клиента.
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392 </tag-desc>
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393
415
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394 <tag-name><literal>$r->remote_addr</literal></tag-name>
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395 <tag-desc>
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396 возвращает IP-адрес клиента.
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397 </tag-desc>
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diff changeset
398
415
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399 <tag-name><literal>$r->flush</literal></tag-name>
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400 <tag-desc>
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diff changeset
401 немедленно передаёт данные клиенту.
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402 </tag-desc>
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diff changeset
403
415
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404 <tag-name>
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405 <literal>$r->sendfile(<value>имя</value>[,
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406 <value>смещение</value>[,
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407 <value>длина</value>]])</literal>
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408 </tag-name>
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409 <tag-desc>
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410 передаёт клиенту содержимое указанного файла.
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diff changeset
411 Необязательные параметры
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412 задают начальное смещение и длину передаваемых данных.
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413 Непосредственно передача данных происходит уже после завершения
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diff changeset
414 обработчика Perl.
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parents:
diff changeset
415 Необходимо учитывать, что при использовании
415
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diff changeset
416 этого метода в подзапросе и включённой директиве
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417 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="sendfile"/>
76
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diff changeset
418 содержимое файла не будет проходить через
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419 <link doc="ngx_http_gzip_module.xml">gzip</link>,
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diff changeset
420 <link doc="ngx_http_ssi_module.xml">SSI</link> и
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parents:
diff changeset
421 <link doc="ngx_http_charset_module.xml">charset</link>
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parents:
diff changeset
422 фильтры.
415
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423 </tag-desc>
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424
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425 <tag-name>
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426 <literal>$r->send_http_header([<value>тип</value>])</literal>
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427 </tag-name>
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428 <tag-desc>
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parents:
diff changeset
429 передаёт клиенту заголовок ответа.
415
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430 Необязательный параметр <value>тип</value> устанавливает значение поля
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431 <header>Content-Type</header> в заголовке ответа.
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432 Пустая строка в качестве типа запрещает передачу поля
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433 <header>Content-Type</header>.
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434 </tag-desc>
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435
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436 <tag-name><literal>$r->status(<value>код</value>)</literal></tag-name>
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437 <tag-desc>
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diff changeset
438 устанавливает код ответа.
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439 </tag-desc>
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parents:
diff changeset
440
415
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441 <tag-name>
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442 <literal>$r->sleep(<value>миллисекунды</value>,
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443 <value>обработчик</value>)</literal>
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444 </tag-name>
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445 <tag-desc>
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446 устанавливает указанный обработчик
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447 и останавливает обработку запроса на заданное время.
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parents:
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448 nginx в это время продолжает обрабатывать другие запросы.
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Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
449 По истечении указанного времени nginx вызовет установленный обработчик.
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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parents:
diff changeset
450 Обратите внимание, что нужно передавать ссылку на функцию обработчика.
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451 Для передачи данных между обработчиками следует использовать
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452 <literal>$r->variable()</literal>.
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453 Пример:
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454 <example>
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455 package hello;
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456
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457 use nginx;
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458
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459 sub handler {
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460 my $r = shift;
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461
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462 $r->discard_request_body;
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463 $r->variable("var", "OK");
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464 $r->sleep(1000, <emphasis>\&amp;next</emphasis>);
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465
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466 return OK;
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467 }
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468
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469 sub <emphasis>next</emphasis> {
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470 my $r = shift;
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471
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472 $r->send_http_header;
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473 $r->print($r->variable("var"));
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474
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475 return OK;
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476 }
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477
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478 1;
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479
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480 __END__
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481 </example>
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482 </tag-desc>
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483
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484 <tag-name><literal>$r->unescape(<value>текст</value>)</literal></tag-name>
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485 <tag-desc>
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486 декодирует текст, заданный в виде “%XX”.
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487 </tag-desc>
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488
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489 <tag-name><literal>$r->uri</literal></tag-name>
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490 <tag-desc>
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491 возвращает URI запроса.
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492 </tag-desc>
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493
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494 <tag-name>
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495 <literal>$r->variable(<value>имя</value>[,
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496 <value>значение</value>])</literal>
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497 </tag-name>
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498 <tag-desc>
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499 возвращает или устанавливает значение указанной переменной.
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500 Переменные локальны для каждого запроса.
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501 </tag-desc>
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502
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503 </list>
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504 </para>
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505
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506 </section>
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507
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508 </module>