Mercurial > hg > nginx-site

annotate xml/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_module.xml @ 367:f4033b9bc4ec

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- Removed unnecessary instances of unbreakable space. - Made sure that unbreakable space always precedes "em dash".
author Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
date Fri, 27 Jan 2012 15:51:39 +0000
parents da8c7db64391
children 4f907cde0382
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
rev   line source
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bfe3eff81d04 Removed redundant encoding specification.
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
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2
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3 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd">
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4
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5 <module name="Модуль ngx_http_upstream_module"
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6 link="/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_module.html"
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7 lang="ru">
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8
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9 <section id="summary">
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10
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11 <para>
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12 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_upstream_module</literal>
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13 позволяет описывать группы серверов,
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14 которые могут использоваться в директивах
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56457a474903 If text of the link is not provided, the @id is used.
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15 <link doc="ngx_http_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_pass"/>
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16 и <link doc="ngx_http_fastcgi_module.xml" id="fastcgi_pass"/>.
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17 </para>
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18
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19 </section>
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20
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21
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22 <section id="example" name="Пример конфигурации">
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23
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24 <para>
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25 <example>
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26 upstream <emphasis>backend</emphasis> {
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27 server backend1.example.com weight=5;
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28 server backend2.example.com:8080;
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29 server unix:/tmp/backend3;
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30
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31 server backup1.example.com:8080 backup;
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32 server backup2.example.com:8080 backup;
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33 }
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34
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35 server {
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36 location / {
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37 proxy_pass http://<emphasis>backend</emphasis>;
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38 }
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39 }
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40 </example>
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41 </para>
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42
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43 </section>
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44
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45
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46 <section id="directives" name="Директивы">
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47
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48 <directive name="ip_hash">
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49 <syntax/>
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50 <default/>
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51 <context>upstream</context>
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52
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53 <para>
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54 Задаёт для группы метод распределения запросов по серверам
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55 на основе IP-адресов клиентов.
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56 В качестве ключа для хэширования используется сеть класса C,
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57 в которой находится адрес клиента.
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58 Метод гарантирует, что запросы одного и того же клиента
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59 будут всегда передаваться на один и тот же сервер.
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60 Если же этот сервер будет считаться неработающим,
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61 то запросы этого клиента будут передаваться на другой сервер.
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62 С большой долей вероятности это также будет один и тот же сервер.
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63 </para>
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64
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65 <para>
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66 Для серверов, использующих метод распределения <literal>ip_hash</literal>,
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67 нельзя задать вес.
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68 Если один из серверов нужно убрать на некоторое время, то для сохранения
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69 текущего хэширования IP-адресов клиентов этот сервер нужно пометить
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70 параметром <literal>down</literal>.
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71 </para>
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72
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73 <para>
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74 Пример:
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75 <example>
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76 upstream backend {
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77 ip_hash;
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78
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79 server backend1.example.com;
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80 server backend2.example.com;
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81 server backend3.example.com <emphasis>down</emphasis>;
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82 server backend4.example.com;
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83 }
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84 </example>
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85 </para>
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86
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87 </directive>
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88
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89
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90 <directive name="keepalive">
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91 <syntax><value>соединения</value></syntax>
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92 <default/>
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93 <context>upstream</context>
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94 <appeared-in>1.1.4</appeared-in>
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95
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96 <para>
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97 Задействует кэш соединений для группы серверов.
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98 </para>
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99
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100 <para>
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101 Параметр <value>соединения</value> устанавливает максимальное число
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102 постоянных соединений с серверами группы, которые будут сохраняться
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103 в кэше каждого рабочего процесса.
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104 При превышении указанного числа неактивных постоянных соединений
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105 с серверами группы самые старые соединения закрываются.
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106 <note>
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107 Следует отметить, что директива <literal>keepalive</literal>
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108 не ограничивает общее число соединений, которые рабочие процессы
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109 nginx могут открыть с серверами группы.
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110 Новые соединения всегда создаются по мере необходимости.
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111 Параметр <value>соединения</value> следует устанавливать
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112 достаточно консервативно для обеспечения возможности
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113 обработки серверами группы новых входящих соединений.
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114 </note>
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115 </para>
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116
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117 <para>
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118 Пример конфигурации группы серверов memcached с постоянными соединениями:
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119 <example>
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120 upstream memcached_backend {
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121 server 127.0.0.1:11211;
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122 server 10.0.0.2:11211;
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123
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124 keepalive 32;
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125 }
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126
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127 server {
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128 ...
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129
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130 location /memcached/ {
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131 set $memcached_key $uri;
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132 memcached_pass memcached_backend;
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133 }
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134
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135 }
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136 </example>
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137 </para>
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138
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139 <para>
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140 Для HTTP директиву
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141 <link doc="ngx_http_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_http_version"/>
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142 следует установить в “<literal>1.1</literal>”,
367
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143 а поле заголовка <header>Connection</header> — очистить:
316
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144 <example>
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145 upstream http_backend {
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146 server 127.0.0.1:8080;
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147
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148 keepalive 16;
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149 }
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150
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151 server {
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152 ...
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153
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154 location /http/ {
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155 proxy_pass http://http_backend;
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156 proxy_http_version 1.1;
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157 proxy_set_header Connection "";
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158 ...
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159 }
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160 }
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161 </example>
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162 </para>
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163
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164 <para>
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165 <note>
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166 Хоть это и не рекомендуется, но также возможно использование постоянных
325
da8c7db64391 Consistently translate "header field".
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167 соединений в HTTP/1.0, путём передачи поля заголовка
316
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168 <header>Connection: Keep-Alive</header> серверу группы.
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169 </note>
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170 </para>
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171
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172 <para>
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173 Для работы постоянных соединений с FastCGI-серверами потребуется
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174 включить директиву
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175 <link doc="ngx_http_fastcgi_module.xml" id="fastcgi_keep_conn"/>:
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176 <example>
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177 upstream fastcgi_backend {
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178 server 127.0.0.1:9000;
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179
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180 keepalive 8;
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181 }
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182
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183 server {
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184 ...
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185
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186 location /fastcgi/ {
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187 fastcgi_pass fastcgi_backend;
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188 fastcgi_keep_conn on;
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189 ...
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190 }
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191 }
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192 </example>
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193 </para>
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194
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195 <para>
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196 <note>
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197 При использовании модулей балансировки нагрузки, отличных
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198 от стандартного round-robin, следует активировать их до
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199 директивы <literal>keepalive</literal>.
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200 </note>
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201
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202 <note>
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203 Протоколы SCGI и uwsgi не определяют семантику постоянных соединений.
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204 </note>
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205 </para>
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206
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207 </directive>
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208
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209
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210 <directive name="server">
271
4c6d2c614d2c Cleaned up XML tag mess:
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diff changeset
211 <syntax><value>название</value> [<value>параметры</value>]</syntax>
99
1d315ef37215 The case <default/> is now language-agnostic.
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212 <default/>
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213 <context>upstream</context>
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214
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215 <para>
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
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216 Задаёт <value>имя</value> и другие <value>параметры</value> сервера.
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217 В качестве имени можно использовать доменное имя, адрес, порт или путь
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
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218 UNIX-сокета.
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219 Если доменному имени соответствует несколько адресов, то все они используются.
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220 <list type="tag">
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221
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
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222 <tag-name><literal>weight</literal>=<value>число</value></tag-name>
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223 <tag-desc>
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224 задаёт вес сервера, по умолчанию 1.
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225 </tag-desc>
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226
292
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227 <tag-name><literal>max_fails</literal>=<value>число</value></tag-name>
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228 <tag-desc>
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229 задаёт число неудачных попыток работы с сервером
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230 в течение времени, заданного параметром <literal>fail_timeout</literal>,
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231 после которого он считается неработающим, также в течение времени
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232 заданного параметром <literal>fail_timeout</literal>.
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233 По умолчанию число попыток устанавливается равным 1.
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234 Нулевое значение запрещает учёт попыток.
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235 Что считается неудачной попыткой, задаётся директивами
106
56457a474903 If text of the link is not provided, the @id is used.
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diff changeset
236 <link doc="ngx_http_proxy_module.xml" id="proxy_next_upstream"/>
56457a474903 If text of the link is not provided, the @id is used.
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diff changeset
237 и <link doc="ngx_http_fastcgi_module.xml" id="fastcgi_next_upstream"/>.
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
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diff changeset
238 Состояние <literal>http_404</literal>
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239 не считается неудачной попыткой.
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240 </tag-desc>
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241
292
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242 <tag-name><literal>fail_timeout</literal>=<value>время</value></tag-name>
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243 <tag-desc>
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244 задаёт
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245 <list type="bullet">
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246
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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247 <listitem>
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248 время, в течение которого должно произойти заданное число неудачных
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249 попыток работы с сервером для того, чтобы сервер считался неработающим;
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250 </listitem>
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251
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252 <listitem>
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253 и время, в течение которого сервер будет считаться неработающим.
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254 </listitem>
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255
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256 </list>
292
7bc830cc79bb Revision.
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diff changeset
257 По умолчанию таймаут равен 10 секундам.
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diff changeset
258 </tag-desc>
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259
292
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260 <tag-name><literal>backup</literal></tag-name>
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261 <tag-desc>
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262 помечает сервер как запасной сервер.
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263 На него будут передаваться запросы в случае, если не работают основные серверы.
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264 </tag-desc>
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265
292
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266 <tag-name><literal>down</literal></tag-name>
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267 <tag-desc>
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268 помечает сервер как постоянно неработающий; используется
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269 совместно с директивой <link id="ip_hash"/>.
292
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diff changeset
270 </tag-desc>
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271
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272 </list>
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273 </para>
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274
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275 <para>
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276 Пример:
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277 <example>
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278 upstream backend {
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279 server backend1.example.com weight=5;
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280 server 127.0.0.1:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
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281 server unix:/tmp/backend3;
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282
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283 server backup1.example.com:8080 backup;
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284 }
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285 </example>
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286 </para>
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287
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288 </directive>
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289
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290
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291 <directive name="upstream">
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72524ae53106 Explicitly marked directives with the block syntax. Such directives will
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292 <syntax block="yes"><value>название</value></syntax>
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293 <default/>
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294 <context>http</context>
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295
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296 <para>
292
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297 Описывает группу серверов.
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298 Серверы могут слушать на разных портах.
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299 Кроме того, можно одновременно использовать серверы,
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300 слушающие на TCP- и UNIX-сокетах.
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301 </para>
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302
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303 <para>
292
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304 Пример:
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305 <example>
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306 upstream backend {
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307 server backend1.example.com weight=5;
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308 server 127.0.0.1:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
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309 server unix:/tmp/backend3;
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310 }
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311 </example>
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312 </para>
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313
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314 <para>
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315 Запросы распределяются по серверам циклически (в режиме round-robin)
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316 с учётом весов серверов.
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317 В вышеприведённом примере каждые 7 запросов будут распределены так:
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318 5 запросов на <literal>backend1.example.com</literal>
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319 и по одному запросу на второй и третий серверы.
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320 Если при попытке работы с сервером произошла ошибка, то запрос будет
292
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321 передан следующему серверу, и так до тех пор, пока не будут опробованы
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322 все работающие серверы.
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323 Если не удастся получить успешный ответ
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324 ни от одного из серверов, то клиенту будет возвращён результат работы
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325 с последним сервером.
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326 </para>
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327
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328 </directive>
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329
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330 </section>
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331
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332
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333 <section id="variables" name="Встроенные переменные">
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334
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335 <para>
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336 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_upstream_module</literal>
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337 поддерживает следующие встроенные переменные:
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338 <list type="tag">
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339
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340 <tag-name><var>$upstream_addr</var></tag-name>
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341 <tag-desc>
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342 хранит IP-адрес и порт сервера или путь к UNIX-сокету.
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343 Если при обработке запроса были сделаны обращения к нескольким серверам,
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344 то их адреса разделяются запятой, например,
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345 “<literal>192.168.1.1:80, 192.168.1.2:80, unix:/tmp/sock</literal>”.
256
c78b2d6fe261 Use another term for "redirect".
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346 Если произошло внутреннее перенаправление от одной группы серверов на другую
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347 с помощью
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348 <header>X-Accel-Redirect</header> или
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349 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="error_page"/>,
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350 то эти группы серверов разделяются двоеточием, например,
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351 “<literal>192.168.1.1:80, 192.168.1.2:80, unix:/tmp/sock : 192.168.10.1:80, 192.168.10.2:80</literal>”.
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352 </tag-desc>
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353
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354 <tag-name><var>$upstream_response_time</var></tag-name>
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355 <tag-desc>
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356 хранит времена ответов серверов в секундах с точностью до миллисекунд.
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357 Несколько ответов также разделяются запятыми и двоеточиями.
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358 </tag-desc>
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359
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360 <tag-name><var>$upstream_status</var></tag-name>
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361 <tag-desc>
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362 хранит коды ответов серверов.
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363 Несколько ответов также разделяются запятыми и двоеточиями.
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364 </tag-desc>
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365
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366 <tag-name><var>$upstream_http_...</var></tag-name>
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367 <tag-desc>
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368 хранят поля заголовка ответа сервера.
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369 Например, поле заголовка ответа <header>Server</header>
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370 доступно в переменной <var>$upstream_http_server</var>.
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371 Необходимо иметь в виду, что запоминаются только поля заголовка ответа
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372 последнего сервера.
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373 </tag-desc>
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374
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375 </list>
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376 </para>
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377
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378 </section>
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379
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380 </module>