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annotate xml/en/docs/control.xml @ 837:6678b1f27514

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Improved readability of "Upgrading Executable on the Fly". The old text about what to do if the new executable fails to work properly caused confusion.
author Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
date Mon, 11 Feb 2013 11:44:48 +0400
parents af3f38e349eb
children d1b5814e5265
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1 <!--
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2 Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev
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3 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc.
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4 -->
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5
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6 <!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "../../../dtd/article.dtd">
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7
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8 <article name="Controlling nginx"
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9 link="/en/docs/control.html"
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10 lang="en"
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11 rev="2">
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13 <section>
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14
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15 <para>
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16 nginx can be controlled with signals.
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17 The process ID of the master process is written to the file
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18 <path>/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid</path> by default.
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19 This name may be changed at configuration time, or in
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20 <path>nginx.conf</path> using the
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21 <link doc="ngx_core_module.xml" id="pid"/>
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22 directive.
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23 The master process supports the following signals:
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24 <note>
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25 <table>
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26
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27 <tr><td width="20%">TERM, INT</td><td>fast shutdown</td></tr>
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28 <tr><td width="20%">QUIT</td><td>graceful shutdown</td></tr>
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29 <tr><td width="20%">HUP</td><td>changing configuration,
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30 keeping up with a changed time zone (only for FreeBSD and Linux),
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31 starting new worker processes with a new configuration,
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32 graceful shutdown of old worker processes</td></tr>
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33 <tr><td width="20%">USR1</td><td>re-opening log files</td></tr>
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34 <tr><td width="20%">USR2</td><td>upgrading an executable file</td></tr>
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35 <tr><td width="20%">WINCH</td><td>graceful shutdown of worker processes</td></tr>
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36
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37 </table>
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38 </note>
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39 </para>
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40
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41 <para>
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42 Individual worker processes can be controlled with signals as well,
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43 though it is not required.
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44 The supported signals are:
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45 <note>
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46 <table>
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47
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48 <tr><td width="20%">TERM, INT</td><td>fast shutdown</td></tr>
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49 <tr><td width="20%">QUIT</td><td>graceful shutdown</td></tr>
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50 <tr><td width="20%">USR1</td><td>re-opening log files</td></tr>
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51 <tr><td width="20%">WINCH</td><td>abnormal termination for debugging
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52 (requires <link doc="ngx_core_module.xml" id="debug_points"/> to be enabled)
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53 </td></tr>
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55 </table>
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56 </note>
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57 </para>
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58
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59 </section>
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62 <section id="reconfiguration" name="Changing Configuration">
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63
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64 <para>
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65 In order for nginx to re-read the configuration file, a HUP
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66 signal should be sent to the master process.
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67 The master process first checks the syntax validity, then tries
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68 to apply new configuration, that is, to open log files and new
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69 listen sockets.
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70 If this fails, it rolls back changes and continues to work
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71 with old configuration.
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72 If this succeeds, it starts new worker processes, and
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73 sends messages to old worker processes requesting them to
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74 shut down gracefully.
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75 Old worker processes close listen sockets and continue to service
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76 old clients.
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77 After all clients are serviced, old worker processes are shut down.
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78 </para>
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79
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80 <para>
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81 Let’s illustrate this by example.
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82 Imagine that nginx is run on FreeBSD 4.x and the command
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83 <programlisting>
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84 ps ax -o pid,ppid,user,%cpu,vsz,wchan,command | egrep '(nginx|PID)'
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85 </programlisting>
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86 produces the following output:
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87 <programlisting>
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88 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND
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89 33126 1 root 0.0 1148 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sb
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90 33127 33126 nobody 0.0 1380 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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91 33128 33126 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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92 33129 33126 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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93 </programlisting>
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94 </para>
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95
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96 <para>
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97 If HUP is sent to the master process, the output becomes:
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98 <programlisting>
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99 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND
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100 33126 1 root 0.0 1164 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sb
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101 33129 33126 nobody 0.0 1380 kqread nginx: worker process is shutting down (n
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102 33134 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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103 33135 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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104 33136 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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105 </programlisting>
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106 </para>
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107
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108 <para>
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109 One of the old worker processes with PID 33129 still continues to work.
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110 After some time it exits:
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111 <programlisting>
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112 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND
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113 33126 1 root 0.0 1164 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sb
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114 33134 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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115 33135 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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116 33136 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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117 </programlisting>
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118 </para>
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119
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120 </section>
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121
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122
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123 <section id="logs" name="Rotating Log-files">
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124
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125 <para>
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126 In order to rotate log files, they need to be renamed first.
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127 After that USR1 signal should be sent to the master process.
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128 The master process will then re-open all currently open log files and
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129 assign them an unprivileged user under which the worker processes
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130 are running, as an owner.
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131 After successful re-opening, the master process closes all open files and
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132 sends the message to worker process to ask them to re-open files.
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133 Worker processes also open new files and close old files right away.
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134 As a result, old files are almost immediately available for post
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135 processing, such as compression.
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136 </para>
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137
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138 </section>
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139
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140
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141 <section id="upgrade" name="Upgrading Executable on the Fly">
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142
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143 <para>
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144 In order to upgrade the server executable, the new executable file
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145 should be put in place of an old file first.
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146 After that USR2 signal should be sent to the master process.
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147 The master process first renames its file with the process ID to a
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148 new file with the <path>.oldbin</path> suffix, e.g.
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149 <path>/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.oldbin</path>,
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150 then starts a new executable file that in turn starts new
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151 worker processes:
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152 <programlisting>
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153 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND
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154 33126 1 root 0.0 1164 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sb
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155 33134 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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156 33135 33126 nobody 0.0 1380 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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157 33136 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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158 36264 33126 root 0.0 1148 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sb
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159 36265 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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160 36266 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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161 36267 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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162 </programlisting>
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163 </para>
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164
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165 <!--
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166
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167 <para>
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168 The process 36264 with a new executable file creates its own file
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169 with the <path>.newbin</path> suffix that will keep the process ID,
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170 e.g. <path>/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.newbin</path>.
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171 </para>
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172
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173 -->
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174
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175 <para>
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176 After that all worker processes (old and new ones) continue to accept requests.
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177 If the WINCH signal is sent to the first master process, it will
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178 send messages to its worker processes, requesting them to shut
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179 down gracefully, and they will start to exit:
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180 <programlisting>
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181 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND
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182 33126 1 root 0.0 1164 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sb
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183 33135 33126 nobody 0.0 1380 kqread nginx: worker process is shutting down (n
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184 36264 33126 root 0.0 1148 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sb
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185 36265 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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186 36266 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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187 36267 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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188 </programlisting>
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189 </para>
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190
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191 <para>
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192 <note>
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193 When using the “rtsig” method on Linux, the new processes may not accept
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194 connections even after the old master process was sent the WINCH signal.
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195 If that is the case, the USR1 signal should be sent to the new master
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196 process continuously, until the new processes start to accept connections.
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197 </note>
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198 </para>
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199
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200 <para>
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201 After some time, only the new worker processes will process requests:
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202 <programlisting>
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203 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND
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204 33126 1 root 0.0 1164 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sb
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205 36264 33126 root 0.0 1148 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sb
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206 36265 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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207 36266 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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208 36267 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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209 </programlisting>
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210 </para>
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211
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212 <para>
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213 It should be noted that the old master process does not close its listen
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214 sockets, and it can be managed to start its worker processes again if needed.
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215 If for some reason the new executable file works unacceptably, one of the
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216 following can be done:
461
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217 <list type="bullet">
186
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218
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219 <listitem>
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220 <para>
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221 Send the HUP signal to the old master process.
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222 The old master process will start new worker processes
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223 without re-reading the configuration.
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224 After that, all new processes can be shut down gracefully,
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225 by sending the QUIT signal to the old master process.
186
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226 </para>
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227 </listitem>
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228
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229 <listitem>
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230 <para>
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231 Send the TERM signal to the new master process.
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232 It will then send a message to its worker processes requesting them
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233 to exit immediately, and they will all exit almost immediately.
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234 If the new worker processes do not exit for some reason,
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235 the KILL signal should be sent to them.
186
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236 When the new master process exits, the old master process will start new
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237 worker processes automatically.
186
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238 </para>
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239 </listitem>
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240
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241 </list>
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242
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243 </para>
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244
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245 <para>
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246 If the new master process exits then the old master process discards
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247 the <path>.oldbin</path> suffix from the file name with the process ID.
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248 </para>
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249
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250 <para>
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251 If upgrade was successful, then the old master process should be sent
186
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252 the QUIT signal, and only new processes will stay:
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253 <programlisting>
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254 PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND
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255 36264 1 root 0.0 1148 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sb
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256 36265 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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257 36266 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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258 36267 36264 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
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259 </programlisting>
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260 </para>
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262 <!--
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263
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264 <para>
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265 To complete the upgrade process, the
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266 <path>/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.newbin</path> file should be renamed to
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267 <path>/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid</path>.
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268 </para>
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269
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270 -->
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272 </section>
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273
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274 </article>