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annotate xml/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_perl_module.xml @ 589:764fbac1b8b4

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Added document revision.
author Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
date Tue, 17 Jul 2012 05:02:15 +0000
parents be54c443235a
children f0e3d07c66d8
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
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2
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3 <!--
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4 Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev
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5 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc.
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6 -->
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7
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8 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd">
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9
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10 <module name="Модуль ngx_http_perl_module"
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11 link="/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_perl_module.html"
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12 lang="ru"
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13 rev="1">
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14
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15 <section id="summary">
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16
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17 <para>
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18 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_perl_module</literal> позволяет писать обработчики
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19 location и переменных на Perl, а также вставлять вызовы Perl в SSI.
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20 </para>
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21
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22 <para>
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23 По умолчанию этот модуль не собирается, его сборку необходимо
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24 разрешить с помощью конфигурационного параметра
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25 <literal>--with-http_perl_module</literal>.
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26 <note>
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27 Для сборки этого модуля необходим Perl версии 5.6.1 и выше.
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28 Компилятор C должен быть совместим с тем, которым был собран Perl.
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29 </note>
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30 </para>
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31
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32 </section>
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33
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34
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35 <section id="bugs" name="Известные проблемы">
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36
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37 <para>
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38 Модуль экспериментальный, поэтому возможно всё.
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39 </para>
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40
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41 <para>
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42 Для того, чтобы во время переконфигурации Perl перекомпилировал
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43 изменённые модули, его нужно собрать с параметрами
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44 <literal>-Dusemultiplicity=yes</literal> или
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45 <literal>-Dusethreads=yes</literal>.
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46 Кроме того, чтобы во время работы Perl меньше терял память,
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47 его нужно собрать с параметром
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48 <literal>-Dusemymalloc=no</literal>.
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49 Узнать значения этих параметров у уже собранного
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50 Perl можно так (в примере приведены желаемые значения параметров):
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51 <example>
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52 $ perl -V:usemultiplicity -V:usemymalloc
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53 usemultiplicity='define';
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54 usemymalloc='n';
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55 </example>
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56 </para>
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57
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58 <para>
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59 Необходимо учитывать, что после пересборки Perl с новыми параметрами
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60 <literal>-Dusemultiplicity=yes</literal> или
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61 <literal>-Dusethreads=yes</literal>
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62 придётся также пересобрать и все бинарные модули Perl — они
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63 просто перестанут работать с новым Perl.
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64 </para>
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65
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66 <para>
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67 Возможно, основной процесс, а вслед за ним и рабочие процессы,
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68 будут увеличиваться в размерах при каждой переконфигурации.
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69 Когда основной процесс вырастет до неприемлемых размеров, можно
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70 воспользоваться процедурой
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71 <link doc="../control.xml" id="upgrade">обновления сервера на лету</link>,
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72 не меняя при этом сам исполняемый файл.
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73 </para>
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74
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75 <para>
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76 Если модуль Perl выполняет длительную операцию, например, определяет
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77 адрес по имени, соединяется с другим сервером, делает запрос к базе данных,
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78 то на это время все остальные запросы, обслуживаемые данным рабочим процессом,
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79 не будут обрабатываться. Поэтому рекомендуется ограничиться операциями,
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80 время исполнения которых короткое и предсказуемое, например, обращение
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81 к локальной файловой системе.
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82 </para>
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83
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84 <para>
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85 Нижеописанные проблемы относятся только к версиям nginx до 0.6.22.
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86
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87 <note>
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88 Данные, возвращаемые методами объекта запроса <literal>$r</literal>,
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89 имеют только текстовое значение, причём само значение хранится
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90 в памяти, выделяемой не Perl, а nginx из собственных пулов.
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91 Это позволяет уменьшить число операций копирования в большинстве случаев,
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92 однако в некоторых ситуациях это приводит к ошибке,
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93 например, при попытке использования таких значений в численном контексте
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94 рабочий процесс выходит с ошибкой (FreeBSD):
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95 <example>
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96 nginx in realloc(): warning: pointer to wrong page
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97 Out of memory!
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98 Callback called exit.
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99 </example>
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100 или (Linux):
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101 <example>
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102 *** glibc detected *** realloc(): invalid pointer: ... ***
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103 Out of memory!
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104 Callback called exit.
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105 </example>
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106 Обход такой ситуации простой — нужно присвоить значение метода
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107 переменной, например, такой код
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108 <example>
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109 my $i = $r->variable('counter') + 1;
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110 </example>
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111 нужно заменить на
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112 <example>
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113 my $i = $r->variable('counter');
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114 $i++;
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115 </example>
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116 </note>
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117
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118 <note>
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119 Так как строки внутри nginx в большинстве случаев хранятся без
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120 завершающего нуля, то они в таком же виде возвращаются методами
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121 объекта запроса <literal>$r</literal> (исключения составляют методы
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122 <literal>$r->filename</literal> и <literal>$r->request_body_file</literal>).
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123 Поэтому такие значения нельзя использовать
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124 в качестве имени файла и тому подобном.
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125 Обход такой же, как и предыдущей ситуации — присвоение значения
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126 переменной (при этом происходит копирование данных и добавление необходимого
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127 нуля) или же использование в выражении, например:
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128 <example>
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129 open FILE, '/path/' . $r->variable('name');
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130 </example>
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131 </note>
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132
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133 </para>
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134
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135 </section>
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136
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137
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138 <section id="example" name="Пример конфигурации">
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139
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140 <para>
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141 <example>
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142 http {
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143
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144 perl_modules perl/lib;
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145 perl_require hello.pm;
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146
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147 perl_set $msie6 '
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148
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149 sub {
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150 my $r = shift;
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151 my $ua = $r->header_in("User-Agent");
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152
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153 return "" if $ua =~ /Opera/;
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154 return "1" if $ua =~ / MSIE [6-9]\.\d+/;
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155 return "";
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156 }
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157
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158 ';
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159
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160 server {
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161 location / {
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162 perl hello::handler;
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163 }
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164 }
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165 </example>
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166 </para>
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167
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168 <para>
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169 Модуль <path>perl/lib/hello.pm</path>:
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170 <example>
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171 package hello;
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172
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173 use nginx;
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174
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175 sub handler {
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176 my $r = shift;
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177
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178 $r->send_http_header("text/html");
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179 return OK if $r->header_only;
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180
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181 $r->print("hello!\n&lt;br/&gt;");
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182
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183 if (-f $r->filename or -d _) {
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184 $r->print($r->uri, " exists!\n");
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185 }
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186
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187 return OK;
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188 }
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189
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190 1;
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191 __END__
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192 </example>
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193 </para>
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194
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195 </section>
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196
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197
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198 <section id="directives" name="Директивы">
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199
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200 <directive name="perl">
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201 <syntax><value>модуль</value>::<value>функция</value>|'sub { ... }'</syntax>
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202 <default/>
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203 <context>location</context>
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204 <context>limit_except</context>
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205
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206 <para>
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207 Устанавливает обработчик Perl для данного location.
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208 </para>
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209
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210 </directive>
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211
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212
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213 <directive name="perl_modules">
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214 <syntax><value>путь</value></syntax>
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215 <default/>
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216 <context>http</context>
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217
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218 <para>
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219 Задаёт дополнительный путь для модулей Perl.
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220 </para>
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221
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222 </directive>
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223
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224
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225 <directive name="perl_require">
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226 <syntax><value>модуль</value></syntax>
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227 <default/>
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228 <context>http</context>
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229
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230 <para>
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231 Задаёт имя модуля, который будет подгружаться при каждой
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232 переконфигурации.
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233 Директив <literal>perl_require</literal> может быть несколько.
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234 </para>
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235
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236 </directive>
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237
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238
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239 <directive name="perl_set">
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240 <syntax>
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241 <value>$переменная</value>
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242 <value>модуль</value>::<value>функция</value>|'sub { ... }'</syntax>
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243 <default/>
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244 <context>http</context>
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245
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246 <para>
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247 Устанавливает обработчик Perl для указанной переменной.
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248 </para>
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249
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250 </directive>
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251
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252 </section>
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253
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254
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255 <section id="ssi" name="Вызов Perl из SSI">
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256
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257 <para>
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258 Формат команды SSI с вызовом Perl следующий:
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259 <example>
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260 &lt;!--# perl sub="<value>модуль</value>::<value>функция</value>" arg="<value>параметр1</value>" arg="<value>параметр2</value>" ...
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261 --&gt;
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262 </example>
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263 </para>
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264
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265 </section>
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266
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267
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268 <section id="methods" name="Методы объекта запроса $r">
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269
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270 <para>
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271 <list type="tag">
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272
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273 <tag-name><literal>$r->args</literal></tag-name>
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274 <tag-desc>
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275 возвращает аргументы запроса.
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276 </tag-desc>
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277
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278 <tag-name><literal>$r->filename</literal></tag-name>
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279 <tag-desc>
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280 возвращает имя файла, соответствующее URI запроса.
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281 </tag-desc>
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282
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283 <tag-name>
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284 <literal>$r->has_request_body(<value>обработчик</value>)</literal>
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285 </tag-name>
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286 <tag-desc>
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287 возвращает 0, если в запросе нет тела.
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288 Если же тело запроса есть, то устанавливается
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289 указанный обработчик и возвращается 1.
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290 По окончании чтения тела запроса nginx вызовет установленный обработчик.
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291 Обратите внимание, что нужно передавать ссылку на функцию обработчика.
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292 Пример:
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293 <example>
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294 package hello;
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295
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296 use nginx;
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297
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298 sub handler {
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299 my $r = shift;
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300
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301 if ($r->request_method ne "POST") {
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302 return DECLINED;
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303 }
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304
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305 if ($r->has_request_body(<emphasis>\&amp;post</emphasis>)) {
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306 return OK;
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307 }
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308
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309 return HTTP_BAD_REQUEST;
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310 }
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311
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312 sub <emphasis>post</emphasis> {
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313 my $r = shift;
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314
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315 $r->send_http_header;
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316
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317 $r->print("request_body: \"", $r->request_body, "\"&lt;br/&gt;");
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318 $r->print("request_body_file: \"", $r->request_body_file, "\"&lt;br/&gt;\n");
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319
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320 return OK;
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321 }
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322
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323 1;
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324
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325 __END__
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326 </example>
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327 </tag-desc>
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328
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329 <tag-name><literal>$r->allow_ranges</literal></tag-name>
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330 <tag-desc>
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331 разрешает использовать диапазоны байт (byte ranges) при передаче ответа.
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332 </tag-desc>
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333
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334 <tag-name><literal>$r->discard_request_body</literal></tag-name>
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335 <tag-desc>
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336 указывает nginx игнорировать тело запроса.
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337 </tag-desc>
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338
415
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339 <tag-name><literal>$r->header_in(<value>поле</value>)</literal></tag-name>
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340 <tag-desc>
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341 возвращает значение заданного поля в заголовке запроса клиента.
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342 </tag-desc>
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343
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344 <tag-name><literal>$r->header_only</literal></tag-name>
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345 <tag-desc>
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346 определяет, нужно ли передавать клиенту только заголовок ответа или весь ответ.
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347 </tag-desc>
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348
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349 <tag-name>
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350 <literal>$r->header_out(<value>поле</value>,
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351 <value>значение</value>)</literal>
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352 </tag-name>
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353 <tag-desc>
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354 устанавливает значение для заданного поля в заголовке ответа.
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355 </tag-desc>
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356
415
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357 <tag-name>
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358 <literal>$r->internal_redirect(<value>uri</value>)</literal>
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359 </tag-name>
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360 <tag-desc>
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361 делает внутреннее перенаправление на указанный <value>uri</value>.
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362 Перенаправление происходит уже после завершения обработчика Perl.
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363 </tag-desc>
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364
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365 <tag-name><literal>$r->print(<value>текст</value>, ...)</literal></tag-name>
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366 <tag-desc>
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367 метод передаёт клиенту данные.
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368 </tag-desc>
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369
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370 <tag-name><literal>$r->request_body</literal></tag-name>
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371 <tag-desc>
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372 возвращает тело запроса клиента при условии,
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373 что тело не записано во временный файл.
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374 Для того, чтобы тело запроса клиента гарантированно находилось в памяти,
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375 нужно ограничить его размер с помощью
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56457a474903 If text of the link is not provided, the @id is used.
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376 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="client_max_body_size"/>
76
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377 и задать достаточной размер для буфера
106
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diff changeset
378 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="client_body_buffer_size"/>.
415
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379 </tag-desc>
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380
415
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381 <tag-name><literal>$r->request_body_file</literal></tag-name>
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382 <tag-desc>
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383 возвращает имя файла, в котором хранится тело запроса клиента.
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384 По завершению обработки файл необходимо удалить.
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385 Для того, чтобы тело запроса клиента всегда записывалось в файл,
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diff changeset
386 следует включить
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387 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="client_body_in_file_only"/>.
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388 </tag-desc>
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diff changeset
389
415
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390 <tag-name><literal>$r->request_method</literal></tag-name>
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391 <tag-desc>
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392 возвращает HTTP-метод запроса клиента.
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diff changeset
393 </tag-desc>
76
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diff changeset
394
415
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diff changeset
395 <tag-name><literal>$r->remote_addr</literal></tag-name>
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diff changeset
396 <tag-desc>
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diff changeset
397 возвращает IP-адрес клиента.
c640e00858ed Revision.
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diff changeset
398 </tag-desc>
76
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parents:
diff changeset
399
415
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diff changeset
400 <tag-name><literal>$r->flush</literal></tag-name>
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diff changeset
401 <tag-desc>
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diff changeset
402 немедленно передаёт данные клиенту.
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diff changeset
403 </tag-desc>
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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parents:
diff changeset
404
415
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diff changeset
405 <tag-name>
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diff changeset
406 <literal>$r->sendfile(<value>имя</value>[,
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diff changeset
407 <value>смещение</value>[,
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diff changeset
408 <value>длина</value>]])</literal>
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diff changeset
409 </tag-name>
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diff changeset
410 <tag-desc>
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411 передаёт клиенту содержимое указанного файла.
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diff changeset
412 Необязательные параметры
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diff changeset
413 задают начальное смещение и длину передаваемых данных.
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diff changeset
414 Непосредственно передача данных происходит уже после завершения
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parents: 304
diff changeset
415 обработчика Perl.
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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parents:
diff changeset
416 Необходимо учитывать, что при использовании
415
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diff changeset
417 этого метода в подзапросе и включённой директиве
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418 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="sendfile"/>
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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parents:
diff changeset
419 содержимое файла не будет проходить через
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
420 <link doc="ngx_http_gzip_module.xml">gzip</link>,
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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parents:
diff changeset
421 <link doc="ngx_http_ssi_module.xml">SSI</link> и
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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parents:
diff changeset
422 <link doc="ngx_http_charset_module.xml">charset</link>
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
423 фильтры.
415
c640e00858ed Revision.
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diff changeset
424 </tag-desc>
76
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parents:
diff changeset
425
415
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diff changeset
426 <tag-name>
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427 <literal>$r->send_http_header([<value>тип</value>])</literal>
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diff changeset
428 </tag-name>
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429 <tag-desc>
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parents:
diff changeset
430 передаёт клиенту заголовок ответа.
415
c640e00858ed Revision.
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431 Необязательный параметр <value>тип</value> устанавливает значение поля
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diff changeset
432 <header>Content-Type</header> в заголовке ответа.
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diff changeset
433 Пустая строка в качестве типа запрещает передачу поля
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diff changeset
434 <header>Content-Type</header>.
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diff changeset
435 </tag-desc>
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parents:
diff changeset
436
415
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diff changeset
437 <tag-name><literal>$r->status(<value>код</value>)</literal></tag-name>
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diff changeset
438 <tag-desc>
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diff changeset
439 устанавливает код ответа.
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440 </tag-desc>
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parents:
diff changeset
441
415
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diff changeset
442 <tag-name>
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diff changeset
443 <literal>$r->sleep(<value>миллисекунды</value>,
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444 <value>обработчик</value>)</literal>
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445 </tag-name>
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446 <tag-desc>
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diff changeset
447 устанавливает указанный обработчик
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448 и останавливает обработку запроса на заданное время.
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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parents:
diff changeset
449 nginx в это время продолжает обрабатывать другие запросы.
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
450 По истечении указанного времени nginx вызовет установленный обработчик.
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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parents:
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451 Обратите внимание, что нужно передавать ссылку на функцию обработчика.
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452 Для передачи данных между обработчиками следует использовать
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453 <literal>$r->variable()</literal>.
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454 Пример:
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455 <example>
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456 package hello;
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457
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458 use nginx;
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459
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460 sub handler {
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461 my $r = shift;
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462
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463 $r->discard_request_body;
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464 $r->variable("var", "OK");
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465 $r->sleep(1000, <emphasis>\&amp;next</emphasis>);
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466
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467 return OK;
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468 }
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469
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470 sub <emphasis>next</emphasis> {
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471 my $r = shift;
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472
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473 $r->send_http_header;
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474 $r->print($r->variable("var"));
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475
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476 return OK;
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477 }
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478
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479 1;
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480
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481 __END__
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482 </example>
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483 </tag-desc>
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484
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485 <tag-name><literal>$r->unescape(<value>текст</value>)</literal></tag-name>
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486 <tag-desc>
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487 декодирует текст, заданный в виде “%XX”.
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488 </tag-desc>
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489
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490 <tag-name><literal>$r->uri</literal></tag-name>
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491 <tag-desc>
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492 возвращает URI запроса.
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493 </tag-desc>
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494
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495 <tag-name>
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496 <literal>$r->variable(<value>имя</value>[,
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497 <value>значение</value>])</literal>
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498 </tag-name>
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499 <tag-desc>
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500 возвращает или устанавливает значение указанной переменной.
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501 Переменные локальны для каждого запроса.
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502 </tag-desc>
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503
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504 </list>
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505 </para>
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506
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507 </section>
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508
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509 </module>