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annotate xml/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_log_module.xml @ 1694:080b36ad8d76

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Reduced syntax clutter in the access_log directive. Only two syntax variants were preserved: - one with a generic syntax, which shows all possible parameters (and also clearly demonstrates that format must be specified if any additional parameters are used); - one with "off", to emphasize it.
author Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
date Wed, 04 May 2016 17:35:30 +0300
parents 4e89518a5999
children 33f742032155
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
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2
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3 <!--
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4 Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev
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5 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc.
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6 -->
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7
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8 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd">
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9
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10 <module name="Модуль ngx_http_log_module"
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11 link="/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_log_module.html"
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12 lang="ru"
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13 rev="15">
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14
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15 <section id="summary">
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16
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17 <para>
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18 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_log_module</literal> записывает логи запросов
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19 в указанном формате.
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20 </para>
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21
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22 <para>
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23 Логи записываются в контексте location’а, где заканчивается обработка.
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24 Это может быть location, отличный от первоначального, если в процессе
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25 обработки запроса происходит
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26 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="internal">внутреннее
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27 перенаправление</link>.
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28 </para>
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29
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30 </section>
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31
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32
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33 <section id="example" name="Пример конфигурации">
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34
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35 <para>
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36 <example>
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37 log_format compression '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '
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38 '"$request" $status $bytes_sent '
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39 '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$gzip_ratio"';
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40
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41 access_log /spool/logs/nginx-access.log compression buffer=32k;
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42 </example>
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43 </para>
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44
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45 </section>
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46
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47
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48 <section id="directives" name="Директивы">
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49
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50 <directive name="access_log">
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51 <syntax>
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52 <value>путь</value>
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53 [<value>формат</value>
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54 [<literal>buffer</literal>=<value>размер</value>]
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55 [<literal>gzip[=<value>степень</value>]</literal>]
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56 [<literal>flush</literal>=<value>время</value>]
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57 [<literal>if</literal>=<value>условие</value>]]</syntax>
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58 <syntax><literal>off</literal></syntax>
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59 <default>logs/access.log combined</default>
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60 <context>http</context>
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61 <context>server</context>
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62 <context>location</context>
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63 <context>if в location</context>
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64 <context>limit_except</context>
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65
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66 <para>
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67 Задаёт путь, формат и настройки буферизованной записи в лог.
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68 На одном уровне может использоваться несколько логов.
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69 Запись в <link doc="../syslog.xml">syslog</link>
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70 настраивается указанием префикса
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71 “<literal>syslog:</literal>” в первом параметре.
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72 Специальное значение <literal>off</literal> отменяет все директивы
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73 <literal>access_log</literal> для текущего уровня.
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74 Если формат не указан, то используется предопределённый формат
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75 “<literal>combined</literal>”.
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76 </para>
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77
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78 <para>
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79 Если задан размер буфера с помощью параметра <literal>buffer</literal> или
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80 указан параметр <literal>gzip</literal> (1.3.10, 1.2.7), то запись будет
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81 буферизованной.
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82 <note>
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83 Размер буфера должен быть не больше размера атомарной записи в дисковый файл.
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84 Для FreeBSD этот размер неограничен.
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85 </note>
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86 </para>
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87
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88 <para>
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89 При включённой буферизации данные записываются в файл:
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90 <list type="bullet">
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91
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92 <listitem>
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93 если очередная строка лога не помещается в буфер;
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94 </listitem>
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95
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96 <listitem>
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97 если данные в буфере находятся дольше интервала времени, заданного
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98 параметром <literal>flush</literal> (1.3.10, 1.2.7);
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99 </listitem>
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100
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101 <listitem>
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102 при <link doc="../control.xml">переоткрытии</link> лог-файла или
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103 завершении рабочего процесса.
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104 </listitem>
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105
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106 </list>
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107 </para>
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108
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109 <para>
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110 Если задан параметр <literal>gzip</literal>, то буфер будет сжиматься перед
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111 записью в файл.
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112 Степень сжатия может быть задана в диапазоне от 1 (быстрее, но хуже сжатие)
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113 до 9 (медленнее, но лучше сжатие).
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114 По умолчанию используются буфер размером 64К байт и степень сжатия 1.
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115 Данные сжимаются атомарными блоками, и в любой момент времени лог-файл может
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116 быть распакован или прочитан с помощью утилиты “<literal>zcat</literal>”.
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117 </para>
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118
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119 <para>
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120 Пример:
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121 <example>
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122 access_log /path/to/log.gz combined gzip flush=5m;
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123 </example>
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124 </para>
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125
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126 <para>
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127 <note>
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128 Для поддержки gzip-сжатия логов nginx должен быть собран с библиотекой zlib.
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129 </note>
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130 </para>
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131
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132 <para>
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133 В пути файла можно использовать переменные (0.7.6+),
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134 но такие логи имеют некоторые ограничения:
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135 <list type="bullet">
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136
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137 <listitem>
224
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138 <link doc="../ngx_core_module.xml" id="user">пользователь</link>,
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139 с правами которого работают рабочие процессы, должен
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140 иметь права на создание файлов в каталоге с такими логами;
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141 </listitem>
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142
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143 <listitem>
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144 не работает буферизация;
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145 </listitem>
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146
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147 <listitem>
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148 файл открывается для каждой записи в лог и сразу же после записи закрывается.
224
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149 Следует однако иметь в виду, что поскольку дескрипторы часто используемых файлов
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150 могут храниться в <link id="open_log_file_cache">кэше</link>,
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151 то при вращении логов в течение времени, заданного параметром
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152 <literal>valid</literal> директивы <link id="open_log_file_cache"/>,
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153 запись может продолжаться в старый файл.
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154 </listitem>
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155
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156 <listitem>
224
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157 при каждой записи в лог проверяется существование
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158 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="root">корневого каталога</link>
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159 для запроса — если этот каталог не существует, то лог не создаётся.
106
56457a474903 If text of the link is not provided, the @id is used.
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160 Поэтому <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="root"/>
271
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161 и <literal>access_log</literal> нужно описывать на одном уровне:
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162 <example>
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163 server {
224
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164 root /spool/vhost/data/$host;
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165 access_log /spool/vhost/logs/$host;
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166 ...
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167 </example>
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168 </listitem>
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169
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170 </list>
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171 </para>
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172
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173 <para>
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174 Параметр <literal>if</literal> (1.7.0) включает условную запись в лог.
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175 Запрос не будет записываться в лог, если результатом вычисления
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176 <value>условия</value> является “0” или пустая строка.
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177 В следующем примере запросы с кодами ответа 2xx и 3xx
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178 не будут записываться в лог:
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179 <example>
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180 map $status $loggable {
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181 ~^[23] 0;
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182 default 1;
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183 }
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184
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185 access_log /path/to/access.log combined if=$loggable;
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186 </example>
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187 </para>
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188
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189 </directive>
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190
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191
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192 <directive name="log_format">
224
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193 <syntax>
271
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194 <value>название</value>
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195 <value>строка</value> ...</syntax>
224
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196 <default>combined "..."</default>
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197 <context>http</context>
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198
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199 <para>
224
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200 Задаёт формат лога.
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201 </para>
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202
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203 <para>
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204 Кроме общих переменных в формате можно использовать переменные,
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205 существующие только на момент записи в лог:
224
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206 <list type="tag">
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207
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208 <tag-name id="var_bytes_sent"><var>$bytes_sent</var></tag-name>
224
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209 <tag-desc>
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210 число байт, переданное клиенту
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211 </tag-desc>
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212
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213 <tag-name id="var_connection"><var>$connection</var></tag-name>
224
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214 <tag-desc>
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215 порядковый номер соединения
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216 </tag-desc>
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217
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218 <tag-name id="var_connection_requests"><var>$connection_requests</var>
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219 </tag-name>
452
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220 <tag-desc>
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221 текущее число запросов в соединении (1.1.18)
452
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222 </tag-desc>
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223
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224 <tag-name id="var_msec"><var>$msec</var></tag-name>
224
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225 <tag-desc>
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226 время в секундах с точностью до миллисекунд на момент записи в лог
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227 </tag-desc>
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228
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229 <tag-name id="var_pipe"><var>$pipe</var></tag-name>
224
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230 <tag-desc>
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231 “<literal>p</literal>” если запрос был pipelined, иначе “<literal>.</literal>”
224
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232 </tag-desc>
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233
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234 <tag-name id="var_request_length"><var>$request_length</var></tag-name>
224
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235 <tag-desc>
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236 длина запроса (включая строку запроса, заголовок и тело запроса)
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237 </tag-desc>
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238
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239 <tag-name id="var_request_time"><var>$request_time</var></tag-name>
224
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240 <tag-desc>
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241 время обработки запроса в секундах с точностью до миллисекунд;
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242 время, прошедшее с момента чтения первых байт от клиента до
451
6351ab788157 Documented $request_time more precisely.
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243 момента записи в лог после отправки последних байт клиенту
224
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244 </tag-desc>
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245
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246 <tag-name id="var_status"><var>$status</var></tag-name>
224
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247 <tag-desc>
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248 статус ответа
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249 </tag-desc>
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250
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251 <tag-name id="var_time_iso8601"><var>$time_iso8601</var></tag-name>
224
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252 <tag-desc>
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253 локальное время в формате по стандарту ISO 8601
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254 </tag-desc>
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255
1155
07402a11fd8d Assigned IDs to tags describing variables.
Vladimir Homutov <vl@nginx.com>
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256 <tag-name id="var_time_local"><var>$time_local</var></tag-name>
224
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
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257 <tag-desc>
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258 локальное время в Common Log Format
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259 </tag-desc>
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260
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261 </list>
826
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262
ddd22f571529 Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
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263 <note>
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264 В современных версиях nginx переменные
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265 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_status">$status</link>
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266 (1.3.2, 1.2.2),
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267 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_bytes_sent">$bytes_sent</link>
ddd22f571529 Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
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268 (1.3.8, 1.2.5),
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269 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_connection">$connection</link>
ddd22f571529 Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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270 (1.3.8, 1.2.5),
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271 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_connection_requests">$connection_requests</link>
ddd22f571529 Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 795
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272 (1.3.8, 1.2.5),
ddd22f571529 Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
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273 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_msec">$msec</link>
ddd22f571529 Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 795
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274 (1.3.9, 1.2.6),
ddd22f571529 Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
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275 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_request_time">$request_time</link>
ddd22f571529 Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
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parents: 795
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276 (1.3.9, 1.2.6),
ddd22f571529 Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
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277 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_pipe">$pipe</link>
840
9dab69f2b71d Documented nginx 1.2.7 changes.
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278 (1.3.12, 1.2.7),
826
ddd22f571529 Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
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279 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_request_length">$request_length</link>
840
9dab69f2b71d Documented nginx 1.2.7 changes.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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diff changeset
280 (1.3.12, 1.2.7),
826
ddd22f571529 Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
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281 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_time_iso8601">$time_iso8601</link>
840
9dab69f2b71d Documented nginx 1.2.7 changes.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 826
diff changeset
282 (1.3.12, 1.2.7)
826
ddd22f571529 Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
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283 и
ddd22f571529 Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 795
diff changeset
284 <link doc="ngx_http_core_module.xml" id="var_time_local">$time_local</link>
840
9dab69f2b71d Documented nginx 1.2.7 changes.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 826
diff changeset
285 (1.3.12, 1.2.7)
826
ddd22f571529 Variables $pipe, $request_length, $time_iso8601, and $time_local.
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diff changeset
286 также доступны как общие переменные.
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287 </note>
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288
76
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289 </para>
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290
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291 <para>
224
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
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292 Строки заголовка, переданные клиенту, начинаются с префикса
271
4c6d2c614d2c Cleaned up XML tag mess:
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293 “<literal>sent_http_</literal>”, например,
224
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
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294 <var>$sent_http_content_range</var>.
76
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295 </para>
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296
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297 <para>
224
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
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298 В конфигурации всегда существует предопределённый формат
271
4c6d2c614d2c Cleaned up XML tag mess:
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diff changeset
299 “<literal>combined</literal>”:
76
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300 <example>
351
a4fa80755eab Consistently strip initial offset in examples.
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301 log_format combined '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '
a4fa80755eab Consistently strip initial offset in examples.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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diff changeset
302 '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent '
a4fa80755eab Consistently strip initial offset in examples.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
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diff changeset
303 '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
76
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304 </example>
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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305 </para>
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306
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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307 </directive>
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Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
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diff changeset
308
364
bb51d3e17dd0 Style fixed.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 351
diff changeset
309
76
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310 <directive name="open_log_file_cache">
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311
224
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
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312 <syntax>
271
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diff changeset
313 <literal>max</literal>=<value>N</value>
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314 [<literal>inactive</literal>=<value>время</value>]
4c6d2c614d2c Cleaned up XML tag mess:
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 270
diff changeset
315 [<literal>min_uses</literal>=<value>N</value>]
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parents: 270
diff changeset
316 [<literal>valid</literal>=<value>время</value>]</syntax>
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Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 270
diff changeset
317 <syntax><literal>off</literal></syntax>
102
c76a257f3fd4 The directive name is now automatically printed in <default> and <syntax>.
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diff changeset
318 <default>off</default>
224
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
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parents: 222
diff changeset
319 <context>http</context>
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Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 222
diff changeset
320 <context>server</context>
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Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 222
diff changeset
321 <context>location</context>
76
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322
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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parents:
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323 <para>
224
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 222
diff changeset
324 Задаёт кэш, в котором хранятся дескрипторы файлов часто используемых
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 222
diff changeset
325 логов, имена которых заданы с использованием переменных.
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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326 Параметры директивы:
224
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
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parents: 222
diff changeset
327 <list type="tag">
76
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328
271
4c6d2c614d2c Cleaned up XML tag mess:
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diff changeset
329 <tag-name><literal>max</literal></tag-name>
224
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
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parents: 222
diff changeset
330 <tag-desc>
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 222
diff changeset
331 задаёт максимальное число дескрипторов в кэше;
507
d00a4f9b1c5d Better translation of "LRU".
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 452
diff changeset
332 при переполнении кэша наименее востребованные (LRU)
224
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
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parents: 222
diff changeset
333 дескрипторы закрываются
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
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parents: 222
diff changeset
334 </tag-desc>
76
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diff changeset
335
271
4c6d2c614d2c Cleaned up XML tag mess:
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parents: 270
diff changeset
336 <tag-name><literal>inactive</literal></tag-name>
224
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parents: 222
diff changeset
337 <tag-desc>
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
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parents: 222
diff changeset
338 задаёт время, после которого закэшированный дескриптор закрывается,
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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parents:
diff changeset
339 если к нему не было обращений в течение этого времени;
224
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
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parents: 222
diff changeset
340 по умолчанию 10 секунд
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
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parents: 222
diff changeset
341 </tag-desc>
76
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parents:
diff changeset
342
271
4c6d2c614d2c Cleaned up XML tag mess:
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 270
diff changeset
343 <tag-name><literal>min_uses</literal></tag-name>
224
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
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parents: 222
diff changeset
344 <tag-desc>
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
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parents: 222
diff changeset
345 задаёт минимальное число использований файла в течение
271
4c6d2c614d2c Cleaned up XML tag mess:
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parents: 270
diff changeset
346 времени, заданного параметром <literal>inactive</literal>,
224
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
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parents: 222
diff changeset
347 после которого дескриптор файла будет оставаться открытым в кэше;
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 222
diff changeset
348 по умолчанию 1
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 222
diff changeset
349 </tag-desc>
76
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diff changeset
350
271
4c6d2c614d2c Cleaned up XML tag mess:
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 270
diff changeset
351 <tag-name><literal>valid</literal></tag-name>
224
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
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parents: 222
diff changeset
352 <tag-desc>
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 222
diff changeset
353 задаёт, через какое время нужно проверять, что файл ещё
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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parents:
diff changeset
354 существует под тем же именем;
224
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 222
diff changeset
355 по умолчанию 60 секунд
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 222
diff changeset
356 </tag-desc>
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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parents:
diff changeset
357
271
4c6d2c614d2c Cleaned up XML tag mess:
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 270
diff changeset
358 <tag-name><literal>off</literal></tag-name>
224
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
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parents: 222
diff changeset
359 <tag-desc>
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 222
diff changeset
360 запрещает кэш
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
parents: 222
diff changeset
361 </tag-desc>
76
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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parents:
diff changeset
362
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
363 </list>
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
364 </para>
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
365
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
366 <para>
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
367 Пример использования:
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
368 <example>
224
7f36795d99a2 Updated ngx_http_log_module documentation including translation into English.
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parents: 222
diff changeset
369 open_log_file_cache max=1000 inactive=20s valid=1m min_uses=2;
76
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diff changeset
370 </example>
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
371 </para>
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
372
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
373 </directive>
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
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374
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
Maxim Dounin <mdounin@mdounin.ru>
parents:
diff changeset
375 </section>
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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parents:
diff changeset
376
4a4caa566120 Russian documentation import.
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377 </module>