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annotate xml/ru/linux_packages.xml @ 1691:94a012d2f489

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Updated Linux packages configure options and the list of supported OS.
author Konstantin Pavlov <thresh@nginx.com>
date Tue, 26 Apr 2016 19:33:57 +0300
parents 3a9097dc9d86
children ce3e89d13fa0
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1 <!--
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2 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc.
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3 -->
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5 <!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "../../dtd/article.dtd">
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6
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7 <article name="nginx: пакеты для Linux"
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8 link="/ru/linux_packages.html"
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9 lang="ru"
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10 rev="18"
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11 toc="no">
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13 <section id="distributions">
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14
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15 <para>
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16 В данный момент доступны готовые пакеты для следующих дистрибутивов и их
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17 версий:
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18 </para>
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19
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20 <para>
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21 RHEL/CentOS:
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22
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23 <table note="yes">
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24
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25 <tr>
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26 <td width="20%">Версия</td>
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27 <td>Поддерживаемые платформы</td>
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28 </tr>
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30 <tr>
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31 <td width="20%">5.x</td>
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32 <td>x86_64, i386</td>
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33 </tr>
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35 <tr>
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36 <td width="20%">6.x</td>
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37 <td>x86_64, i386</td>
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38 </tr>
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40 <tr>
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41 <td width="20%">7.x</td>
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42 <td>x86_64</td>
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43 </tr>
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46 </para>
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48 <para>
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49 Debian:
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50
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51 <table note="yes">
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53 <tr>
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54 <td width="20%">Версия</td>
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55 <td width="20%">Кодовое имя</td>
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56 <td>Поддерживаемые платформы</td>
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57 </tr>
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59 <tr>
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60 <td width="20%">7.x</td>
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61 <td width="20%">wheezy</td>
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62 <td>x86_64, i386</td>
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63 </tr>
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65 <tr>
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66 <td width="20%">8.x</td>
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67 <td width="20%">jessie</td>
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68 <td>x86_64, i386</td>
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69 </tr>
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71 </table>
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72 </para>
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74 <para>
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75 Ubuntu:
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77 <table note="yes">
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79 <tr>
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80 <td width="20%">версия</td>
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81 <td width="20%">Кодовое имя</td>
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82 <td>Поддерживаемые платформы</td>
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83 </tr>
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86 <td width="20%">12.04</td>
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87 <td width="20%">precise</td>
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88 <td>x86_64, i386</td>
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91 <tr>
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92 <td width="20%">14.04</td>
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93 <td width="20%">trusty</td>
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94 <td>x86_64, i386, aarch64/arm64</td>
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95 </tr>
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97 <tr>
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98 <td width="20%">15.10</td>
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99 <td width="20%">wily</td>
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100 <td>x86_64, i386</td>
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101 </tr>
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103 <tr>
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104 <td width="20%">16.04</td>
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105 <td width="20%">xenial</td>
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106 <td>x86_64, i386</td>
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107 </tr>
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109 </table>
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110 </para>
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112 <para>
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113 SLES:
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115 <table note="yes">
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116 <tr>
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117 <td width="20%">Версия</td>
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118 <td>Поддерживаемые платформы</td>
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119 </tr>
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121 <tr>
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122 <td width="20%">12</td>
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123 <td>x86_64</td>
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124 </tr>
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125
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126 </table>
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127 </para>
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128
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129 <para>
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130 Чтобы включить автоматическое обновление пакетов для Linux,
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131 настройте репозиторий yum для дистрибутивов RHEL/CentOS,
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132 репозиторий apt для дистрибутивов Debian/Ubuntu,
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133 или репозиторий zypper для SLES.
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134 </para>
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136 </section>
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139 <section name="Готовые пакеты стабильной версии" id="stable">
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141 <para>
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142 Для настройки репозитория yum для RHEL/CentOS необходимо
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143 создать файл с именем <path>/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo</path>
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144 и таким содержимым:
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145
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146 <programlisting>
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147 [nginx]
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148 name=nginx repo
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149 baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/OS/OSRELEASE/$basearch/
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150 gpgcheck=0
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151 enabled=1
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152 </programlisting>
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153
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154 Замените “<literal>OS</literal>” на “<literal>rhel</literal>” или
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155 “<literal>centos</literal>”,
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156 в зависимости от используемого дистрибутива, а “<literal>OSRELEASE</literal>”
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157 на “<literal>5</literal>”, “<literal>6</literal>” или “<literal>7</literal>”,
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158 для, соответственно, 5.x, 6.x или 7.x версий.
882
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159 </para>
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160
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161 <para>
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162 Для Debian/Ubuntu, для проверки подлинности подписи репозитория nginx,
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163 и чтобы избавиться от предупреждений об отсутствующем PGP-ключе во время
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164 установки пакета nginx, необходимо добавить ключ, которым были подписаны
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165 пакеты и репозиторий nginx, в связку ключей программы <command>apt</command>.
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166 Загрузите <link url="http://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key">этот
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167 ключ</link> с нашего веб-сайта и добавьте его в связку ключей программы
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168 <command>apt</command>, выполнив команду:
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169 <programlisting>
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170 sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key
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171 </programlisting>
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172 </para>
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173
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174 <para>
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175 Для Debian замените <i>codename</i> на
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176 <link id="distributions">кодовое имя</link> дистрибутива,
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177 и добавьте в конец файла <path>/etc/apt/sources.list</path>
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178 следующее:
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179
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180 <programlisting>
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181 deb http://nginx.org/packages/debian/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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182 deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/debian/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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183 </programlisting>
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184 </para>
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185
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186 <para>
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187 Для Ubuntu замените <i>codename</i> на
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188 <link id="distributions">кодовое имя</link> дистрибутива,
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189 и добавьте в конец файла <path>/etc/apt/sources.list</path>
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190 следующее:
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191
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192 <programlisting>
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193 deb http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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194 deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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195 </programlisting>
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196 </para>
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197
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198 <para>
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199 Для Debian/Ubuntu затем выполните команды:
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200 <programlisting>
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201 apt-get update
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202 apt-get install nginx
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203 </programlisting>
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204 </para>
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205
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206 <para>
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207 Для SLES выполните команду:
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208 <programlisting>
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209 zypper addrepo -G -t yum -c 'http://nginx.org/packages/sles/12' nginx
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210 </programlisting>
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211 </para>
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212
882
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213 </section>
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214
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215
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216 <section name="Готовые пакеты mainline-версии" id="mainline">
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217
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218 <para>
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219 Для настройки репозитория yum для RHEL/CentOS необходимо
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220 создать файл с именем <path>/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo</path>
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221 и таким содержимым:
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222
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223 <programlisting>
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224 [nginx]
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225 name=nginx repo
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226 baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/OS/OSRELEASE/$basearch/
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227 gpgcheck=0
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228 enabled=1
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229 </programlisting>
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230
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231 Замените “<literal>OS</literal>” на “<literal>rhel</literal>” или
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232 “<literal>centos</literal>”,
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233 в зависимости от используемого дистрибутива, а “<literal>OSRELEASE</literal>”
1252
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234 на “<literal>5</literal>”, “<literal>6</literal>” или “<literal>7</literal>”,
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235 для, соответственно, 5.x, 6.x или 7.x версий.
882
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236 </para>
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237
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238 <para>
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239 Для Debian/Ubuntu, для проверки подлинности подписи репозитория nginx,
933
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240 и чтобы избавиться от предупреждений об отсутствующем PGP-ключе во время
882
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241 установки пакета nginx, необходимо добавить ключ, которым были подписаны
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242 пакеты и репозиторий nginx, в связку ключей программы <command>apt</command>.
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243 Загрузите <link url="http://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key">этот
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244 ключ</link> с нашего веб-сайта и добавьте его в связку ключей программы
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245 <command>apt</command>, выполнив команду:
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246 <programlisting>
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247 sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key
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248 </programlisting>
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249 </para>
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250
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251 <para>
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252 Для Debian замените <i>codename</i> на
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253 <link id="distributions">кодовое имя</link> дистрибутива,
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254 и добавьте в конец файла <path>/etc/apt/sources.list</path>
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255 следующее:
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256
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257 <programlisting>
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258 deb http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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259 deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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260 </programlisting>
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261 </para>
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262
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263 <para>
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264 Для Ubuntu замените <i>codename</i> на
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265 <link id="distributions">кодовое имя</link> дистрибутива,
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266 и добавьте в конец файла <path>/etc/apt/sources.list</path>
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267 следующее:
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268
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269 <programlisting>
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270 deb http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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271 deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/ubuntu/ <i>codename</i> nginx
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272 </programlisting>
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273 </para>
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274
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275 <para>
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276 Для Debian/Ubuntu затем выполните команды:
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277 <programlisting>
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278 apt-get update
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279 apt-get install nginx
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280 </programlisting>
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281 </para>
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282
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283 <para>
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284 Для SLES выполните команду:
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285 <programlisting>
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286 zypper addrepo -G -t yum -c 'http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/sles/12' nginx
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287 </programlisting>
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288 </para>
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289
882
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290 </section>
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291
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292
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293 <section name="Аргументы configure" id="arguments">
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294
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295 <para>
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296 Общие аргументы configure для nginx из пакетов:
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297 <programlisting>
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298 --prefix=/etc/nginx
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299 --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx
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300 --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
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301 --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
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302 --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log
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303 --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid
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304 --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock
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305 --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp
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306 --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp
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307 --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp
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308 --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp
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309 --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp
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310 --user=nginx
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311 --group=nginx
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312 --with-http_ssl_module
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313 --with-http_realip_module
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314 --with-http_addition_module
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315 --with-http_sub_module
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316 --with-http_dav_module
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317 --with-http_flv_module
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318 --with-http_mp4_module
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319 --with-http_gunzip_module
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320 --with-http_gzip_static_module
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321 --with-http_random_index_module
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322 --with-http_secure_link_module
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323 --with-http_stub_status_module
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324 --with-http_auth_request_module
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325 --with-threads
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326 --with-stream
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327 --with-stream_ssl_module
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328 --with-http_slice_module
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329 --with-mail
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330 --with-mail_ssl_module
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331 --with-file-aio
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332 --with-http_v2_module
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333 --with-ipv6
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334 </programlisting>
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335 </para>
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336
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337 <para>
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338 Для того чтобы избежать увеличения числа зависимостей, основной пакет nginx не
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339 включает модули, которым требуются дополнительные библиотеки.
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340 </para>
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341
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342 </section>
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343
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344
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345 <section name="Динамические модули" id="dynmodules">
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346
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347 <para>
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348 Начиная с версии 1.9.11, nginx поддерживает
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349 <link doc="docs/ngx_core_module.xml" id="load_module">динамические модули</link>.
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350 В настоящее время следующие модули собираются как динамические
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351 и поставляются в виде отдельных пакетов:
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352 <programlisting>
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353 nginx-module-geoip
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354 nginx-module-image-filter
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355 nginx-module-njs
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356 nginx-module-perl
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357 nginx-module-xslt
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358 </programlisting>
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359 </para>
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360
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361 </section>
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362
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363
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364 <section name="Подписи" id="signatures">
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365
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366 <para>
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367 Для проверки целостности и происхождения загруженного пакета
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368 и в случае RPM, и в случае репозиториев Debian/Ubuntu используется
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369 цифровая подпись.
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370 Для проверки подписи необходимо загрузить
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371 <link url="http://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key">этот ключ</link>
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372 и импортировать его в связку ключей программы <command>rpm</command>
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373 или <command>apt</command>:
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374
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375 <list type="bullet">
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376
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377 <listitem>
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378 Для Debian/Ubuntu:
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379 <programlisting>sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key</programlisting>
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380 </listitem>
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381
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382 <listitem>
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383 Для RHEL/CentOS:
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384 <programlisting>sudo rpm --import nginx_signing.key</programlisting>
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385 </listitem>
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386
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387 <listitem>
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388 Для SLES:
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389 <programlisting>sudo rpm --import nginx_signing.key</programlisting>
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390 </listitem>
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391
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392 </list>
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393 </para>
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394
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395 <para>
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396 В Debian/Ubuntu/SLES подпись проверяется по умолчанию, однако
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397 в RHEL/CentOS необходимо добавить
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398 <programlisting>gpgcheck=1</programlisting> в файл
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399 <path>/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo</path>.
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400 </para>
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401
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402 <para>
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403 Поскольку наши <link doc="../en/pgp_keys.xml">PGP-ключи</link>
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404 находятся на том же сервере, что и пакеты,
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405 им следует доверять в равной степени.
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406 Поэтому мы настоятельно рекомендуем дополнительно проверить
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407 подлинность загруженных PGP-ключей.
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408 В PGP есть понятие “сети доверия”,
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409 когда ключ подписывается чьим-либо другим ключом,
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410 тот в свою очередь третьим, и т.д.
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411 Это зачастую позволяет построить цепочку от произвольного ключа
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412 до ключа человека, которого вы знаете и кому доверяете лично,
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413 и таким образом удостовериться в подлинности первого ключа в цепочке.
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414 Подробно эта концепция описана в
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415 <link url="http://www.dewinter.com/gnupg_howto/english/GPGMiniHowto-1.html">
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416 GPG Mini Howto</link>.
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417 У наших ключей есть достаточное количество подписей,
774505846a54 Section about packages' and repositories' signatures added.
Sergey Budnevitch <sb@waeme.net>
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418 поэтому проверить их подлинность относительно несложно.
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Sergey Budnevitch <sb@waeme.net>
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419 </para>
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Sergey Budnevitch <sb@waeme.net>
parents: 915
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420
774505846a54 Section about packages' and repositories' signatures added.
Sergey Budnevitch <sb@waeme.net>
parents: 915
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421 </section>
774505846a54 Section about packages' and repositories' signatures added.
Sergey Budnevitch <sb@waeme.net>
parents: 915
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422
882
d1002c39ac0a Linux packages related information moved to separate page.
Sergey Budnevitch <sb@waeme.net>
parents:
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423 </article>