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annotate xml/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_limit_req_module.xml @ 2013:469aebbd94d0

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Limit_req/limit_conn may return not only 503 on failure.
author Ruslan Ermilov <ru@nginx.com>
date Tue, 08 Aug 2017 09:23:25 +0300
parents 6c96a644b0b3
children 6e66487c5756
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1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
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2
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3 <!--
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4 Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev
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5 Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc.
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6 -->
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7
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8 <!DOCTYPE module SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/module.dtd">
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9
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10 <module name="Модуль ngx_http_limit_req_module"
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11 link="/ru/docs/http/ngx_http_limit_req_module.html"
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12 lang="ru"
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13 rev="7">
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14
110
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15 <section id="summary">
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16
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17 <para>
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18 Модуль <literal>ngx_http_limit_req_module</literal> (0.7.21) позволяет
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19 ограничить скорость обработки запросов по заданному ключу или,
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20 как частный случай, скорость обработки запросов, поступающих
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21 с одного IP-адреса.
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22 Ограничение обеспечивается с помощью метода “leaky bucket”.
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23 </para>
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24
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25 </section>
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26
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27
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28 <section id="example" name="Пример конфигурации">
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29
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30 <para>
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31 <example>
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32 http {
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33 limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=1r/s;
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34
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35 ...
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36
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37 server {
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38
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39 ...
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40
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41 location /search/ {
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42 limit_req zone=one burst=5;
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43 }
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44 </example>
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45 </para>
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46
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47 </section>
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48
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49
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50 <section id="directives" name="Директивы">
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51
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52 <directive name="limit_req">
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53 <syntax>
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54 <literal>zone</literal>=<value>название</value>
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55 [<literal>burst</literal>=<value>число</value>]
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56 [<literal>nodelay</literal>]</syntax>
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57 <default/>
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58 <context>http</context>
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59 <context>server</context>
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60 <context>location</context>
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61
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62 <para>
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63 Задаёт зону разделяемой памяти (<literal>zone</literal>)
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64 и максимальный размер всплеска запросов (<literal>burst</literal>).
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65 Если скорость поступления запросов превышает описанную в зоне,
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66 то их обработка задерживается так, чтобы запросы обрабатывались
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67 с заданной скоростью.
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68 Избыточные запросы задерживаются до тех пор, пока их число
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69 не превысит максимальный размер всплеска.
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70 При превышении запрос завершается с
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71 <link id="limit_req_status">ошибкой</link>.
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72 По умолчанию максимальный размер всплеска равен нулю.
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73 Например, директивы
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74 <example>
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75 limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=1r/s;
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76
351
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77 server {
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78 location /search/ {
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79 limit_req zone=one burst=5;
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80 }
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81 </example>
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82 позволяют в среднем не более 1 запроса в секунду
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83 со всплесками не более 5 запросов.
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84 </para>
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85
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86 <para>
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87 Если же избыточные запросы в пределах лимита всплесков задерживать
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88 не требуется, то следует использовать параметр <literal>nodelay</literal>:
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89 <example>
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90 limit_req zone=one burst=5 nodelay;
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91 </example>
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92 </para>
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93
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94 <para>
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95 Директив <literal>limit_req</literal> может быть несколько.
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96 Например, следующая конфигурация ограничивает скорость обработки запросов,
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97 поступающих с одного IP-адреса, и в то же время ограничивает
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98 скорость обработки запросов одним виртуальным сервером:
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99 <example>
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100 limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=perip:10m rate=1r/s;
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101 limit_req_zone $server_name zone=perserver:10m rate=10r/s;
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102
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103 server {
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104 ...
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105 limit_req zone=perip burst=5 nodelay;
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106 limit_req zone=perserver burst=10;
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107 }
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108 </example>
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109
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110 </para>
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111
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112 <para>
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113 Директивы наследуются с предыдущего уровня при условии, что на данном уровне
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114 не описаны свои директивы <literal>limit_req</literal>.
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115 </para>
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116
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117 </directive>
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118
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119
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120 <directive name="limit_req_log_level">
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121 <syntax>
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122 <literal>info</literal> |
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123 <literal>notice</literal> |
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124 <literal>warn</literal> |
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125 <literal>error</literal></syntax>
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126 <default>error</default>
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127 <context>http</context>
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128 <context>server</context>
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129 <context>location</context>
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130 <appeared-in>0.8.18</appeared-in>
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131
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132 <para>
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133 Задаёт желаемый уровень записи в лог
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134 случаев отказа в обработке запросов при превышении скорости
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135 и случаев задержек при обработке запроса.
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136 Задержки записываются в лог с уровнем на единицу меньшим, чем отказы,
271
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137 например, если указано “<literal>limit_req_log_level notice</literal>”,
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138 то задержки будут записываться в лог на уровне <literal>info</literal>.
179
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139 </para>
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140
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141 </directive>
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142
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143
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144 <directive name="limit_req_status">
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145 <syntax><value>код</value></syntax>
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146 <default>503</default>
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147 <context>http</context>
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148 <context>server</context>
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149 <context>location</context>
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150 <appeared-in>1.3.15</appeared-in>
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151
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152 <para>
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153 Позволяет переопределить код ответа, используемый при отклонении запросов.
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154 </para>
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155
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156 </directive>
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157
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158
179
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159 <directive name="limit_req_zone">
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160 <syntax>
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161 <value>ключ</value>
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162 <literal>zone</literal>=<value>название</value>:<value>размер</value>
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163 <literal>rate</literal>=<value>скорость</value></syntax>
179
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164 <default/>
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165 <context>http</context>
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166
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167 <para>
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168 Задаёт параметры зоны разделяемой памяти,
179
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169 которая хранит состояние для разных значений ключа.
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170 Состояние в частности хранит текущее число избыточных запросов.
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171 В качестве ключа можно использовать текст, переменные и их комбинации.
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172 Запросы с пустым значением ключа не учитываются.
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173 <note>
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174 До версии 1.7.6 в качестве ключа можно было задать ровно одну переменную.
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175 </note>
179
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176 Пример использования:
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177 <example>
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178 limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=1r/s;
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179 </example>
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180 </para>
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181
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182 <para>
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183 В данном случае состояния хранятся в зоне “one” размером 10 мегабайт,
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184 и средняя скорость обработки запросов для этой зоны не может превышать
179
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185 1 запроса в секунду.
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186 </para>
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187
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188 <para>
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189 В качестве ключа используется IP-адрес клиента.
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190 Обратите внимание, что вместо переменной <var>$remote_addr</var> используется
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191 переменная <var>$binary_remote_addr</var>.
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192 Длина значения переменной <var>$binary_remote_addr</var> всегда
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193 равна 4 байтам для IPv4-адресов или 16 байтам для IPv6-адресов.
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194 При этом размер состояния всегда равен
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195 64 байтам на 32-битных платформах и 128 байтам на 64-битных платформах.
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196 В зоне размером 1 мегабайт может разместиться около 16 тысяч состояний
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197 размером 64 байта или около 8 тысяч состояний размером 128 байт.
179
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198 При переполнении зоны в ответ на последующие запросы сервер будет
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199 возвращать
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200 <link id="limit_req_status">ошибку</link>.
179
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201 </para>
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202
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203 <para>
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204 Скорость задаётся в запросах в секунду (r/s).
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205 Если же нужна скорость меньше одного запроса в секунду,
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206 то она задаётся в запросах в минуту (r/m), например,
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207 ползапроса в секунду — это 30r/m.
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208 </para>
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209
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210 </directive>
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211
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212 </section>
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213
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214 </module>